INGLÊS MÓDULO 2 PLURAL DOS SUBSTANTIVOS (NUMBER OF NOUNS) NUMBER OF NOUNS

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1 PLURAL DOS SUBSTANTIVOS (NUMBER OF NOUNS) NUMBER OF NOUNS Como regra geral, o plural em inglês é formado a partir da adição de -s ao substantivo. author authors autor(es) book books livro(s) computer computers computador(es) girl girls menina(s), garota(s) road roads estrada(s) window windows janela(s) soldier soldiers soldado(s) pilot pilots piloto(s) flag flags bandeira(s) boot boots bota(s) leg legs perna(s) Os substantivos terminados em -ch, -s, -ss, -x e z, acrescentamos -es para formal o plural. match matches fósforo(s) bus buses ônibus kiss kisses beijo(s) fox foxes raposa(s) topaz topazes topázio(s) dress dresses vestido(s) glass glasses copo(s)/óculos tax taxes taxa(s) suffix suffixes sufixo(s) speech speeches discurso(s) watch watches relógio(s) buzz buzzes zumbido(s) Alguns substantivos terminados em o formaram o plural também com es. cargo cargoes cargo(s) domino dominoes dominó(s) echo echoes eco(s) hero heroes herói(s) potato potatoes batata(s) tomato tomatoes tomate(s) negro negroes negro(s) mosquito mosquitoes mosquito(s) buffalo buffaloes búfalo(s) torpedo torpedoes torpedo(s) 1

2 Substantivos terminados em o com plural s. memo memos memorando(s) photo photos foto(s) video videos vídeo(s) kilo kilos quilo(s) piano pianos piano(s) dynamo dynamos dínamo(s) solo solos solo(s) studio studios estúdio(s) casino casinos casino(s) disco discos disco(s) ghetto ghettos gueto(s) radio rádios rádio(s) zoo zoos zoológico(s) tattoo tattoos tatuagem(s) comando comandos comando(s) Alguns substantivos terminados em o aceitam as duas formas ou s ou es para formal o plural. banjo banjos/banjoes banjo(s) archipelago archipelagos/es arquipélago(s) cargo cargos/cargoes carga(s) halo halos/haloes auréola(s) lasso lassos/lassoes laço(s) mango mango/mangoes manga(s) memento mementos/mementoes lembrança(s) motto mottos/mottoes lema(s)/provérbio(s) tornado tornados/tornadoes tornado(s) volcano volcanos/volcanoes vulcão(ões) zero zeros/zeroes zero(s) Substantivos terminados em -y precedido de consoante perdem o -y e acrescentamos -ies para formar o plural. baby babies bebê(s) country countries país(es) fly flies mosca(s) lady ladies senhora(s) spy spies espião(ões) army armies exército(s) beayty beauties beleza(s) city cities cidade(s) discovery discoveries descoberta(s) duty duties imposto(s) 2

3 territory territories território(s) theory theories teoria(s) enemy enemies inimigo(s) sky skies céu(s) Substantivos terminados em -y precedido de vogal acrescentamos s para formar o plural. day days dia(s) key keys chave(s) boy boys garoto(s) guy guys rapaz(ez) delay delays atraso(s) toy toys brinquedo(s) bay bays baía(s) decoy decoys ísca(s)/armadilha(s) alloy alloys liga(s) chimney chimneys chaminé(s) donkey donkeys jumento(s) valley valleys vale(s) tray trays bandeja(s) Substantivos terminados em -f ou -fe perdem o -f ou o -fe acrescentam -ves para formar o plural. calf calves bezerro(s) half halves metade(s) knife knives faca(s) leaf leaves folha(s) life lives vida(s) loaf loaves pão(pães) self selves ego(s) sheaf sheaves monte(s), feixe(s) shelf shelves prateleira(s) thief thieves ladrão(ões) wife wives esposa(s) wolf wolves lobo(s) Os substantivos dwarf (anão), scarf (cachecol), wharf (cais) e hoof (casco) podem formar o plural tanto pelo acréscimo de -ves, seguindo a regra anterior, como acrescentando apenas -s (regra geral): dwarves/dwarfs, scarves/scarfs, wharves/wharfs, hooves/hoofs. 3

4 Os demais substantivos terminados em -f, -fe ou -ff seguem a regra geral, ou seja colocando o s, para formar o plural. giraffe giraffes girafa(s) roof roofs telhado(s) chief chiefs chefe(s) gulf gulfs golfo(s) cliff cliffs penhasco(s) safe safes cofre(s) belief beliefs crença(s) chef chefs cozinheiro(s) bluff bluffs blefe(s) handcuff handcuffs algema(s) reef reefs recife(s) sheriff sheriff delegado(s) Alguns substantivos tem formas irregulares de plural. child children crianca(s) foot feet pé(s) goose geese ganso(s) louse lice piolho(s) man men homem(ns) mouse mice camundongo(s) tooth teeth dente(s) ox oxen boi(s) woman women mulher(s) Nos compostos juntos apenas acrescentamos s ao final da palavra para formal o plural. armchair armchairs poltrona(s) bookshelf bookshelves estante(s) de livros handful handfuls punhado(s) manservant menservants funcionário(s) womanservant womenservants funcionária(s) Nos compostos separados por hífen o componente substantivo é que recebe o sufixo de plural. brother-in-law brothers-in-law cunhado(s) looker-on lookers-on espectador(es) mam-of-war men-of-war homem(ns) de guerra step-mother step-mothers mãe(s) adotiva(s) 4

5 Plural dos substantivos mais usados de origem latina ou grega. SINGULAR PLURAL LATINO OU GREGO fungus fungi alga algae formula formulae bacterium bacteria curriculum curricula datum data médium media memorandum memoranda index indices matrix matrices analysis analyses crisis crises diagnosis diagnoses thesis theses phenomenon phenomena Substantivos que terminam em s, mas estão no singular. SINGULAR news measles mumps billiards bowls dominoes draughts athletics classics economics ethics gymnastics mathematics phonetics physics politics TRADUÇÃO notícia sarampo caxumba bilhar boliche dominó seca atleta clássico economia ética ginástica matemática fonética física política Alguns substantivos são tipicamente utilizados apenas no plural. PLURAL TRADUÇÃO clothes roupas jeans jeans people pessoas police polícia contents conteúdo pants calças 5

6 scissors trousers binoculars glasses pliers scales spectacles braces pyjamas shorts arms customs earnings stairs lodgings tights pincers shears cattle tesoura calças binóculo óculos alicate balança óculos escuros suspensórios pijama calção arma alfândega salário escada quarto para aluguel calça estreita pinça tesoura de jardim gado 6

7 EXERCÍCIOS DE COMBATE 1. (EEAR)...wives... have the same plural form as, except: a) life b) shelf c) thief d) belief 2. (CESGRANRIO) KNIVES is the plural of KNIFE. Which of the words below does not form its plural in the same way? a) Wife. b) Life. c) Leaf. d) Chief. e) Half. 3. (AFA) Mark the option that completes the text correctly: My little boy is just 8 but completely curious about the study of different and theories. He got the surprise of his life when he discovered at school that are the smallest living things. He is enchanted with hundreds of about the universe and surprised for sometimes not finding answers to the and the fantastic development of nature. Therefore, I suppose he knows his can also explain to him some doubts he has about thousand of of the universe and procreation, considering the existence of God, of course. a) formulae / bacteria / mysteries / theses / beliefs / phenomena b) formula / bacteria / mysterys / thesis / believes / phemenon c) formulas / bacterium / mystery / theses / believes / phenomenos d) formulas / bacterias / mysterious / thesis / beliefs / phenomenon 4. (FUVEST) Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente as lacunas: Boys have big and girls have small. a) foots ones b) feet ones c) feet one d) feets ones e) foot one 7

8 5. (ITA) O plural dos substantivos abaixo: I. knife II. tooth III. woman é, na ordem: a) knifes teeth womans b) knifes teeths women c) knives tooths women d) knives teeth women e) knive teeth women 6. (EFOMM) The plural forms of the underlined words in the sentence "Jane is afraid of mouse and louse" are respectively: a) mice lice b) mices lices c) mouses louses d) mice louses e) mouses lice 7. (ESPCEX) The plural of wife, goose, mouse and hero are: a) wifes, gooses, mouses, heroes. b) wifes, geese, mice, heroes. c) wives, geese, mice, heros. d) wives, geese, mice, heroes. e) wifes, gooses, mouses, heros. 8. (EFOMM) Respectively, the plural forms of hero, louse, ox and cactus are: a) heros, louses, oxen, cactuses. b) heros, lice, oxen, cacti. c) heroes, louses, oxen, cacti. d) heroes, louses, oxen, cactuses. e) heroes, lice, oxen, cacti 9. (EFOMM) Which alternative shows the correct plural form of the words given? a) mouse mice/ goose geese/ phenomenon phenomena/ deer deer 8

9 b) mouse mices/ chick chicken/ person persons/ child children c) mouse mouses/ goose geeses/ deer deers/ news news d) mouse mouses/ new newses/ bus buses /person people e) mouse mises/ child children/ police polices/ news news 10. (ITA) Dadas as afirmações de que o plural de: 1. Chief é Chieves 2. Buffalo é Buffaloes 3. Leaf é Leaves Constatamos que está (estão) correta(s): a) Apenas a afirmação nº 1. b) Apenas a afirmação nº 2. c) Apenas a afirmação nº 3. d) As afirmações n os 2 e 3. e) Todas as afirmações. 11. (PUC-PR) Match the columns below so that the words in the second column fit the sentences provided in the first one: 1. Tom and Mary love their. 2. Put the oranges inside those. 3. I can't walk. My are aching a lot. 4. The are flying south. 5. The cat is hunting the. 6. When Jane fell over, she broke two of her. ( ) feet ( ) teeth ( ) children ( ) geese ( ) mice ( ) boxes Choose the correct alternative: a) b) c) d) e)

10 12. (UNESP) Complete as sentenças a seguir utilizando as formas corretas de cada vocábulo apresentado: He bought a car. She is a rock star. I have good to give you. The police in front of the building. a) sport famous informations is b) sport famous informations are c) sports famous informations are d) sport famouses information is e) sports famous information are 13. (ITA) Dadas as afirmações de que o plural de: 1. OX é OXEN 2. CHIEF é CHIEFS 3. ROOF é ROOVES Constatamos que está(estão) correta(s): a) Apenas a afirmação nº 1. b) Apenas a afirmação nº 2. c) Apenas a afirmação nº 3. d) Apenas as afirmações n os 1 e 2. e) Todas as afirmações. 14. (ITA) Dadas as afirmações de que o plural de: 1. Chief é Chieves 2. Radius é Radii 3. Leaf é Leaves Constatamos que está (estão) correta(s): a) Apenas a afirmação nº 1. b) Apenas a afirmação nº 2. c) Apenas a afirmação nº 3. d) As afirmações nos 2 e 3. e) Todas as afirmações. 15. (JFS) Give the correct plural form of the words below: Buffalo; 10

11 Eskimo; Concerto; Person; Manservant; Thesis; Sister-In-Law; Die. a) Buffalos/ Eskimos/ Concertos/ Personas/ Menservants/ Theses/ Sisters-in-law/ Dice b) Buffaloes/ Eskimos/ Concertos/ Persons/ Menservants/ Theses/ Sisters-in-law/ Dice c) Buffaloes/ Eskimos/ Concertoes/ Persons/ Manservants/ Theses/ Sisters-in-law/ Dice d) Buffaloes/ Eskimos/ Concertos/ Persons/ Menservants/ Theses/ Sister-in-laws/ Deaths e) Buffalos/ Eskimoes/ Concertoes/ Personas/ Manservants/ Thesis/ Sister-in-laws/ Deaths 16. (JFS) Considering that the plural form of the following words: 1. man is men 2. woman is women 3. roman is romen The incorrect datum(a) is(are) the: a) number 1. b) number 2. c) number 3. d) numbers 1 and 2. e) numbers 1 and (FATEC) Observe a frase: "Did hundreds of Japanese KIDS suffer a TV induced epileptic attack last week". Indique a alternativa em que todas as palavras têm a mesma forma de plural de KIDS: a) attack mouse b) episode Japanese c) cartoon trigger d) show child e) explosion Japanese 18. (CESGRANRIO) The word that DOESN'T have an irregular plural form like tooth teeth is: a) ox. b) foot. 11

12 c) cloth. d) goose. e) mouse. 19. (ITA) Dadas as afirmações de que o plural de: 1. BASIS é BASIS 2. DATUM é DATAS 3. BUSINESS é BUSINESSES Constatamos que está(estão) correta(s): a) Apenas a afirmação no 1. b) Apenas a afirmação no 2. c) Apenas a afirmação no 3. d) Apenas as afirmações nos 1 e 3. e) Todas as afirmações. 20. (ITA) Algumas vezes, o significado da forma plural de um substantivo (em inglês), é diferente do seu significado na forma singular. Dadas as palavras (já na sua forma plural): 1. GOODS 2. SCALES 3. SPIRITS Constatamos que confere(m) com a afirmação acima: a) Apenas a palavra nº 1. b) Apenas a palavra nº 2. c) Apenas a palavra nº 3. d) Apenas as palavras nºs 1 e 2. e) Todas as palavras. 12

13 TEXT COMPREHENSION TEXT 4 (EEAR) THE MEN WHO GUARD THE QUEEN If you ve ever been to London, you ve probably seen them: they are the soldiers in bright red jackets or shining helmets who stand outside Buckingham Palace. They are men who can stand absolutely still, even when tourists tell them jokes, touch them, push them, or try to make them move. They may look identical and even march like robots, but they are in fact some of the best-trained soldiers in the British army. Some people are surprised to learn that the guns that the soldiers carry are not just for show: they are loaded! 1. According to the text, the soldiers who guard the Queen a) carry weapons under their uniforms. b) wear plain clothes not to call attention to themselves. c) cannot move when they are standing outside the Palace. d) are better trained than any other soldiers all over the world. 2. In The guns are not just for show, in the text, the sentence means that the guns are a) real. b) fake. c) only on display. d) used during special events. TEXT 5 (EPCAR) DANCING EFFECTS ON THE HUMAN BODY These days, people love to watch other people dance. Competitive dance shows, like So you think you can dance and Dancing with the stars, are dominating the world of reality television. So, if you get off the sofa and dance, you can keep your body and mind healthy. Studies show that dancing can improve your heart health, helps you lose weight and stay flexible, reduces stress and can also help you get old in a pleasant way. Dancing, as an aerobic exercise, can reduce the risk of heart problems and high blood pressure. You can learn ballroom dancing, participate in a dance-fitness class or dance with a video in your house. There are many ways to enjoy dancing and get a good aerobic exercise at the same time. Dance training helps you to lose weight. The number of calories burned per hour depends on the type of dance and the weight of the dancer. Observe the chart below. TYPE OF DANCE CALORIES/HOUR WEIGHT Rhythmical kg Vigorous kg Aerobic kg kg 13

14 Another good effect is that dancing works on the part of the brain that controls memory hippocampus. So, what are you waiting for? Let's dance! (Adapted from and GLOSSARY health - saúde ballroom dancing - dança de salão to lose weight - perder peso to improve - melhorar calories burned calorias queimadas 1. Mark the INCORRECT option. a) People can choose different types of dance to lose weight. b) Dancing helps your brain control your memory. c) People who don't dance are stressed. d) There are many good effects on your body when you dance. 2. According to the chart, mark the correct alternative. a) Rhythmical dance burns more calories than aerobic dance. b) Vigorous dance isn't good to burn calories. c) The calories burned per hour depend on the type of dance. d) An eighty-kilo man can lose more weight if he does rhythmical dance. 3. Mark the alternative that completes the sentence. Some dance shows on TV are dominating the world because a) these days people like to see other people dance. b) people are interested in dancers' life. c) they keep people's mind healthy. d) they substitute dance-fitness class. 4. Mark the alternative that DOESN T complete the sentence below. To improve your heart health you can a) watch people dance. b) get off the sofa and dance. c) do aerobic dance as an exercise. d) do dance training to lose weight. 14

15 5. Read the sentences and mark the correct option. I. Dancing is only good for people's mental health. II. Regular dancing practice can reduce the risk of heart problems. III. People who dance don't have high blood pressure. The only correct sentence(s) is(are) a) I and II. b) III. c) II. d) I and III. 6. Mark the correct alternative to complete the sentence. According to the text, dancing a) makes people get old fast. b) doesn t improve heart condition. c) doesn t contribute to flexibility. d) improves memory. 7. Mark the alternative that DOESN T complete the sentence below. To improve your heart health you can a) watch people dance. b) get off the sofa and dance. c) do aerobic dance as an exercise. d) do dance training to lose weight. TEXT 6 (EEAR) The sun, the beach and the coconut water the three ingredients that guarantee a perfect summer for millions and millions of Brazilians. Nothing beats drinking cold coconut water to quench your thirsty. It is such a healthy drink that it should not be left only for summer, but should be drunk year round. Coconut water contains a high level of vitamin C and is rich in minerals. Nutritionists say it is very beneficial to human health. It is good for the skin, and digestion, and is also a kind of natural tranquilizer. During the Second World War coconut water was used as saline solution to treat soldiers injured in combat. GLOSSARY nothing beats = nada melhor (expressão idiomática) saline solution = soro fisiológico 15

16 1. The words, underlined in the text, can be, respectively, replaced by a) to cure/spoiled b) to care for/insane c) to take care of/upset d) to apply medical care to/wounded 2. According to the text, coconut water has shown to be a) the substance that can cure skin diseases. b) the syrup that relaxes everybody who tastes it. c) an irresistible drink because of its sweet flavor. d) a beverage that can benefit the health of those drinking it. 16

17 GABARITO EXERCÍCIOS DE COMBATE 1. D 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. E 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. E 13. D 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. C 18. C 19. C 20. E TEXT COMPREHENSION TEXT 4 (EEAR) 1. C 2. A TEXT 5 (EPCAR) 1. C 2. C 3. A 4. C 17

18 5. D 6. A TEXT 6 (EEAR) 1. D 2. D 18