How to Build a Robot at Home

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1 How to Build a Robot at Home Do you want to learn how to build your own robot? There are a lot different types of robots that you can make by yourself. Most of the people want to see a robot perform the simple tasks of moving from point A to point B. You can make a robot completely from analogue components or buy a starter kit from scratch! Building your own robot is a great way to teach yourself both electronics as well as computer programming. Part 1Assembling the Robot 1. 1 Gather your components. In order to build a basic robot, you'll need several simple components. You can find most, if not all, of these components at your local electronics hobby shop, or at a number of online retailers. Some basic kits may include all of these components as well. This robot does not require any soldering: Arduino Uno (or other microcontroller) 2 continuous rotation servos 2 wheels that fit the servos 1 caster roller a Robot at Home 1/43

2 1 small solderless breadboard (look for a breadboard that has two positive and negative lines on each side) 1 distance sensor (with four pin connector cable) 1 mini push button switch with 1 10kΩ resistor. 1 set of breakaway headers 1 6 x AA battery holder with 9V DC power jack 1 pack of jumper wires or 22 gauge hook up wire Strong double sided tape or hot glue 2. 2 Flip the battery pack over so that the flat back is facing up. You'll be building the robot's body using the battery pack as a base a Robot at Home 2/43

3 3 Align the two servos on the end of the battery pack. This should be the end that the battery pack's wire is coming out of The servos should be touching bottoms, and the rotating mechanisms of each should be facing out the sides of the battery pack. It's important that the servos are properly aligned so that the wheels go straight. The wires for the servos should be coming off the back of the battery pack a Robot at Home 3/43

4 4 Affix the servos with your tape or glue. Make sure that they are solidly attached to the battery pack. The backs of the servos should be aligned flush with the back of the battery pack. The servos should now be taking up the back half of the battery pack a Robot at Home 4/43

5 5 Affix the breadboard perpendicularly on the open space on the battery pack. It should hang over the front of the battery pack just a little bit, and will extend beyond each side. Make sure that it is securely fastened before proceeding. The "A" row should be closest to the servos a Robot at Home 5/43

6 6 Attach the Arduino microcontroller to the tops of the servos. If you attached the servos properly, there should be a flat space made by them touching. Stick the Arduino board onto this flat space so that the Arduino's USB and Power connectors are facing the back (away from the breadboard). The front of the Arduino should be just barely overlapping the breadboard a Robot at Home 6/43

7 7 Put the wheels on the servos. Firmly press the wheels onto the rotating mechanism of the servo. This may require a significant amount of force, as the wheels are designed to fit as tightly as possible for the best traction a Robot at Home 7/43

8 8 Attach the caster to the bottom of the breadboard. If you flip the chassis over, you should see a bit of breadboard extending past the battery pack. Attach the caster to this extended piece, using risers if necessary. The caster acts as the front wheel, allowing the robot to easily turn in any direction. [1] If you bought a kit, the caster may have come with a few risers that you can use to ensure the caster reaches the ground. Part 2Wiring the Robot 1. a Robot at Home 8/43

9 1 Break off two 3 pin headers. You'll be using these to connect the servos to the breadboard. Push the pins down through the header so that the pins come out in an equal distance on both sides a Robot at Home 9/43

10 2 Insert the two headers into pins 1 3 and 6 8 on row E of the breadboard. Make sure that they are firmly inserted a Robot at Home 10/43

11 3 Connect the servo cables to the headers, with the black cable on the left side (pins 1 and 6). This will connect the servos to the breadboard. Make sure the left servo is connected to the left header, and the right servo to the right header a Robot at Home 11/43

12 4 Connect red jumper wires from pins C2 and C7 to red (positive) rail pins. Make sure you use the red rail on the back of the breadboard (closer to the rest of the chassis) a Robot at Home 12/43

13 5 Connect black jumper wires from pins B1 and B6 to blue (ground) rail pins. Make sure that you use the blue rail on the back of the breadboard. Do not plug them into the red rail pins a Robot at Home 13/43

14 6 Connect white jumper wires from pins 12 and 13 on the Arduino to A3 and A8. This will allow the Arduino to control the servos and turn the wheels a Robot at Home 14/43

15 7 Attach the sensor to the front of the breadboard. It does not get plugged into the outer power rails on the breadboard, but instead into the first row of lettered pins (J). Make sure you place it in the exact center, with an equal number of pins available on each side a Robot at Home 15/43

16 8 Connect a black jumper wire from pin I14 to the first available blue rail pin on the left of the sensor. This will ground the sensor a Robot at Home 16/43

17 9 Connect a red jumper wire from pin I17 to the first available red rail pin to the right of the sensor. This will power the sensor a Robot at Home 17/43

18 10 Connect white jumper wires from pin I15 to pin 9 on the Arduino, and from I16 to pin 8. This will feed information from the sensor to the microcontroller. Part 3Wiring the Power 1. a Robot at Home 18/43

19 1 Flip the robot on it's side so that you can see the batteries in the pack. Orient it so that the battery pack cable is coming out to the left at the bottom a Robot at Home 19/43

20 2 Connect a red wire to the second spring from the left on the bottom. Make absolutely sure that the battery pack is oriented correctly a Robot at Home 20/43

21 3 Connect a black wire to the last spring on the bottom right. These two cables will help provide the correct voltage to the Arduino a Robot at Home 21/43

22 4 Connect the red and black wires to the far right red and blue pins on back of the breadboard. The black cable should be plugged into the blue rail pin at pin 30. The red cable should be plugged into the red rail pin at pin a Robot at Home 22/43

23 5 Connect a black wire from the GND pin on the Arduino to the back blue rail. Connect it at pin 28 on the blue rail a Robot at Home 23/43

24 6 Connect a black wire from the back blue rail to the front blue rail at pin 29 for each. Do not connect the red rails, as you will likely damage the Arduino a Robot at Home 24/43

25 7 Connect a red wire from the front red rail at pin 30 to the 5V pin on the Arduino. This will provide the power to the Arduino a Robot at Home 25/43

26 8 Insert the push button switch in the gap between rows on pins This switch will allow you to turn off the robot without having to unplug the power a Robot at Home 26/43

27 9 Connect a red wire from H24 to the red rail in the next available pin to the right of the sensor. This will power the button a Robot at Home 27/43

28 10 Use the resistor to connect H26 to the blue rail. Connect it to the pin directly next to the black wire that you connected a few steps ago a Robot at Home 28/43

29 11 Connect a white wire from G26 to pin 2 on the Arduino. This will allow the Arduino to register the push button. Part 4Installing the Arduino Software 1. a Robot at Home 29/43

30 1 Download and extract the Arduino IDE. This is the Arduino development environment, and allows you to program instructions that you can then upload to your Arduino microcontroller. You can download it for free from arduino.cc/en/main/software. Unzip the downloaded file by double clicking it and move the folder inside to an easy to access location. You won't be actually installing the program. Instead, you'll just run it from the extracted folder by double clicking arduino.exe a Robot at Home 30/43

31 2 Connect the battery pack to the Arduino. Plug the battery back jack into the connector on the Arduino to give it power a Robot at Home 31/43

32 4. 3 Plug the Arduino into your computer via USB. Windows will likely not recognize the device. a Robot at Home 32/43

33 5. 4 Press. Win+R and type devmgmt.msc. This will launch the Device Manager. a Robot at Home 33/43

34 5 Right click on the "Unknown device" in the "Other devices" section and select "Update Driver Software." If you don't see this option, click "Properties" instead, select the "Driver" tab, and then click "Update Driver." 6. a Robot at Home 34/43

35 6 Select "Browse my computer for driver software." This will allow you to select the driver that came with the Arduino IDE a Robot at Home 35/43

36 7 Click "Browse" then navigate to the folder that you extracted earlier. You'll find a "drivers" folder inside a Robot at Home 36/43

37 8 Select the "drivers" folder and click "OK." Confirm that you want to proceed if you're warned about unknown software. Part 5Programming the Robot 1. a Robot at Home 37/43

38 1 Start the Arduino IDE by double clicking the arduino.exe file in the IDE folder. You'll be greeted with a blank project a Robot at Home 38/43

39 2 Paste the following code to make your robot go straight. The code below will make your Arduino continuously move forward. #include <Servo.h> // this adds the "Servo" library to the program // the following creates two servo objects Servo leftmotor; Servo rightmotor; void setup() { leftmotor.attach(12); // if you accidentally switched up the pin numbers for your servos, you can swap the numbers here rightmotor.attach(13); } void loop() { leftmotor.write(180); // with continuous rotation, 180 tells the servo to move at full speed "forward." rightmotor.write(0); // if both of these are at 180, the robot will go in a Robot at Home 39/43

40 a circle because the servos are flipped. "0" tells it to move full speed "backwards." } 3. 3 Build and upload the program. Click the right arrow button in the upper left corner to build and upload the program to the connected Arduino. You may want to lift the robot off of the surface, as it will just continue to move forward once the program is uploaded a Robot at Home 40/43

41 4 Add the kill switch functionality. Add the following code to the "void loop()" section of your code to enable the kill switch, above the "write()" functions. if(digitalread(2) == HIGH) // this registers when the button is pressed on pin 2 of the Arduino { while(1) { leftmotor.write(90); // "90" is neutral position for the servos, which tells them to stop turning rightmotor.write(90); } } 5. a Robot at Home 41/43

42 5 Upload and test your code. With the kill switch code added, you can upload and test the robot. It should continue to drive forward until you press the switch, at which point it will stop moving. The full code should look like this: #include <Servo.h> // the following creates two servo objects Servo leftmotor; Servo rightmotor; void setup() { leftmotor.attach(12); rightmotor.attach(13); } void loop() { if(digitalread(2) == HIGH) { while(1) a Robot at Home 42/43

43 { leftmotor.write(90); rightmotor.write(90); } } } leftmotor.write(180); rightmotor.write(0); What is the meaning of arduino? Arduino is like the operating systems for your phones, but it is the OS for robots. There are many such programmes, like C++ or Java, etc. How much time will it take to build a robot? This depends on the complexity of the robot. You could build a simple robot in as little as a day. A more complex robot could take several several months. How can I make a robot out of cotton? Answer this question Flag for removal Is this possible to explain each step with a corresponding picture? Answer this question Flag for removal How can you pair this robot with a remote control? Answer this question Flag for removal Why do I need to download the Arduino software? Answer this question Flag for removal How do I install Arduino software? Answer this question Flag for removal Show more unanswered questions a Robot at Home 43/43