Water Footprint of Bioenergy

Transcrição

1 Water Footprint of Bioenergy Rita Monteiro Brasília, 19 de março de 2013 Brasília, 29 de março de 2013

2 WATER FOOTPRINT different approaches Rita Monteiro

3 WATER FOOTPRINT Fluxo de água virtual

4 GRAY WATER GREEN WATER BLUE WATER + +

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6 Life Cycle Assessment - APPROACH

7 WATER FOOTPRINT Because there are different approaches to the same term, the need arises to STANDARDIZATION Rita Monteiro

8 ISO Rita Monteiro

9 The way that many parts are integrated into the whole is more important than the parties themselves alone..." Fritjof Capra Rita Monteiro

10 life cycle thinking ( a sistemic vision) Rita Monteiro rita.monteiro@usp.br

11 cradle Extraction of natural resources and energy... Processing resources/ inputs Product production Packaging and Distribution Transport... Use grave Final disposal/ recycling

12 Life Cycle of Bioenergy

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14 Analysis of Inventory atmospheric emissions energy Produt materials water solid waste effluents

15 Bioenergy Agriculturestage energy atmospheric emissions fertilizers water Product (s) agricultural lime agrochemicals solid waste effluents Runoff leaching

16 Impact Assessment

17 Wateruse LOCAL IMPACTS energy atmospheric emissions fertilizers water Product (s) agricultural lime agrochemicals solid waste effluents Runoff leaching

18 LOCAL IMPACTS RELATED TO WATER USE - Water Availability Eutrophication Fresh Water Aquatic Ecotoxicity Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity Human Toxicity Terrestrial Ecotoxicity Acidification Abiotic Depletion Marine sediment Ecotoxicity Fresh Water sediment ecotoxicity Carcinogens

19 Water Footprint of Bioenergy in Brazil Preliminary Assessment The importance of local assessment

20 Energy from Ethanol Currently, sugar cane and its derivatives are the second main source of primary energy national energy and ethanol consumption is already higher than petrol. Ethanol usines in Brazil ( source: (2011))

21 Energy from Biodiesel Besides ethanol, biodiesel also already has a significant share in the fuel matrix. Map of oilseeds for biodiesel in Brazil source: (2011))

22 Energy from forests Forests are also considered energy sources of renewable energy within the context of AGROENERGY Mapa de localização das Florestas energéticas no Brasil ( source: Serviço Florestal Brasileiro /

23 Water Resources Management in Brazil Brazil has 12% of water availability in the world, distributed in 12 river basin districts. However this distribution is uneven across the country, because 75% of available water in Brazil is allocated in the Amazon region, where there is a concentration of only 5% of the population. Amazon Region 74% of the available water 5% of population Map of water availability in Brazil ( source: ANA Agência Nacional da Águas) other regions 26% of the available water 95% of population

24 Water Resources Management in Brazil The evaluation of the possibility of water shortages in Brazil (the ratio between water withdrawal and consumptive use for local availability) suggests an overview of critical regions Map of water availability in Brazil ( source: ANA Agência Nacional da Águas) possibility of water shortages = water withdrawal / consumptive use

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27 Stages of development of an ISO standard

28 J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O Circulado pelo ISO TC207/SC5 proposta de um NWIP ACEITAÇÃO DO NWIP Formação do grupo de trabalho PRIMEIRA REUNIÃO (Estocolmo - Suécia): Título, Escopo, e estrutura - PWD1 Elaboração do PWD1 comentários PWD1 SEGUNDA REUNIÃO (Leon - México): rev. dos comentários Elaboração do PWD2 comentários PWD2 TERCEIRA REUNIÃO

29 J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D Circulado TERCEIRA pelo REUNIÃO ISO (Lausane - Suíça): rev. dos comentários Elaboração do PWD3 comentários PWD3 QUARTA REUNIÃO (Oslo - Noruega): rev. dos comentários - VOTO (PWD3=WD1) Elaboração do WD2 comentários WD2 QUINTA REUNIÃO (São Paulo- Brasil): rev. dos comentários - VOTO (WD2=CD1) Elaboração do CD1

30 (WD2=CD1) Elaboração do CD1 comentários CD J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D SEXTA REUNIÃO (Bangkok - Thailandia): rev. dos comentários - VOTO (CD2) Elaboração do CD2 comentários CD2 SÉTIMA REUNIÃO (Padova - Itália): rev. dos comentários - VOTO (CD2 = DIS) Elaboração do DIS 1 comentários DIS1 OITAVA REUNIÃO (África do Sul): rev. dos comentários - VOTO DE EVOLUÇÃO (FDIS?)

31 ISO / DIS Environmental management - WATER FOOTPRINT -Principles, requirements and guidelines Water Footprint: metric to quantify the potential environmental impacts related to WATER

32 WATER FOOTPRINT ASSESSMENT according to ISO It is based on a life cycle assessment (with 4-stages) Goal and scope definition Inventories analyse Impact assessment Interpretation It is modular ( the different phases of the life cycle can be added to represent the water footprint) It can identify potential impacts in relation to water It includes relevant geographical and temporal dimensions It identifies the amount of use and changes in water quality

33 A WATER FOOTPRINT must necessarily include some kind of impact assessment (The results of an inventory can be reported, but should not be reported as a "water footprint".) The evaluation can be made as a stand alone assessment or as part of an LCA, (compreensive approach) If the evaluation is done as a Stand-Alone assessment, the result must have a qualifier in the name (i.e. WAF -Water AVAILABILITY Footprint) Regional aspects must necessarily be considered THE WORK CONTINUES TO... Definitions/ requirements for inventories

34 How the use of ISO can help organizations? assess the magnitude of the (s) potential (s) impact (s) environmental (s) in relation to water; identify opportunities to reduce potential impacts related to water in various stages of life cycle; develop strategic management of water-related risks; facilitate water efficiency in products, processes, and organizational level; inform decision makers from government, industry and nongovernmental organizations of potential (s) impacts related to water associated for each product protuction(eg, for the purpose of strategic planning, prioritization, product design or resource investment decisions );

35 Thank you for your attention! Rita de Cássia Monteiro Marzullo