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1 Page 1 of 4 FCT Relatório Científico 2008 Print: 16:41:32 [Centro de Engenharia Mecânica] General Information Name of Research Unit: Coordinator: Main Scientific Domain: Other Subdomains: (MECH-Centro-Coimbra-285) Centro de Engenharia Mecânica Luis Filipe Martins Menezes Engenharia Mecânica n/a Host Institutions Leading Host Institution: Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - Universidade de Coimbra Other Institutions Involved: Objectives & Achievements Unit Description Each research unity of CEMUC had a coordinator and the main decisions resulted from the Scientific Council (all the PhD students representatives), in according to the norms of the institutions involved. Non formal Consult Committees (ex: Grupo de representative entrepreneurs and researchers in main domains) had an important role to attain the Excellence. The CEMUC is constituted by two sub-areas with a light boundary, each one with three research groups, as follows: A. Design and Production Systems 1. Experimental and Computer Aided Technology; 2. Structural Integrity; 3. Smart Industrial Robotics and Management B. Micro and Nanotechnologies 4. Nanomaterials and Microfabrication 5. Sensors and nanoelecrochemistry 6. Surface Engineering The CEMUC have a Scientific Committee, composed by all the PhD s of the unity and PhD students representatives and a Committee composed by National and International Experts in CEMUC s fields. The executive structure is composed by the Unit Coordinator and a Directive Committee composed by the Research Groups Prin General Objectives CEMUC focus its activities on four strategic research areas, where Mechanical and Materials Engineering must be together, as fo Quality of life A Security. Improvement of the vehicles performance having in mind the security and the decrease of the travel time du maximum comfort. Moreover, decreasing the negative consequences of the damages that transportation has on public he challenge of the 21st century. Roads are crossing residential areas, people are exposed to constant pollution, noise and traffic pedestrians on the streets. Meanwhile, increasingly stricter standards/restrictions are being established for decreasing the Besides the monitoring by efficient sensors of pollution, the promotion of a combined research effort acts in different fields (improvement of structural strength, decreasing the weight/fuel consumption, decreasing the emissions by using new filters or other energy carriers, decrease the weight of devices/parts) maintaining the benefits of in global economy, while at the same time enhancing the security and consequently the quality of life. B Manufacturing New methodologies/techniques for production simple or complex systems are necessary for improving quality of life of the general, by decreasing the human risks and the exposition to the industrial pollution. Moreover, they can be extended to devices capable to be invasive and harmless. Manufacturing will also include the development of technologies related with equipments and materials (Advanced processes for Structural Components, (Microfabrication), Robustness Design, In Manufacturing: Logistics, Flexible Automation and micro- Robotics). Health - Disability and Rehabilitation

2 Page 2 of 4 Objectives & Achievements In this item the following aspects will be considered as main concerns: Human-Device Interfaces (Human Implants and Pr Medical Invasive Devices), Health and Rehabilitation (Medical Robotics) and Mobility for Disabled People. Transports The improvement of mobility is based on fabrication of precision and ultra-precision devices/components/parts for transporta equipments/devices. That means New materials, New methodologies for characterization, Modelling and Simulation. Energy and Environment The proposed research effort in this area is focused on the rational use of energy and on the improvement of the environmen topics, having inherent synergies, have been defined as priorities: Energy Efficiency, Optimisation of Technological Proce Environmental Impacts. Moreover this topic includes new procedures for rational decreases of wastes/sludges in the source a filtration of nanoparticles. Finally this research emerges multi-sector interests in North and Centre Region of Portugal where Coimbra) and Instituto Pedro Nunes (Transfer of Knowledge Unity) are one of main actors. The research will contribute de regional development of Cities of Knowledge and Health. Main Achievements during the year of 2008 a. Scientific Materials and Surface Engineering: - the industrial deposition of W-DLC:H coatings was possible; the adhesion problems were solved and the coatings were tested - first lubricated tests were performed in Me-doped DLC coatings; the need to characterize the wear tracks with Raman delaye the installation of Raman is preview for 2009; - the tribological behaviour of TMD+C coatings was fully understood: in relation to the achievements got in this subject in characterization to other systems besides the Mo-Se-C and similar results were obtained; - several modifications were introduced in the sputtering / clusters gun apparatus; it was possible to incorporate clusters in the the control of the process is still very preliminary; the injection of the clusters in liquid environment also started; continuation of the development of new strategies for production of stents using new gradient coatings based on poly (collaboration of biologists of Centro de Neurociências de Coimbra (CNC) and Unity of Cardiovascular diseases ofhospital Univ foment joint research in biomaterials and biotechnology. Process micropowders, one by one, with a coating similar or dissimilar of the target material, but always nanocrystalline. Pro for biosystems/ devices, such as dental implants Homogeneous nanograin thin films of copper was firstly produced using a doping non-metallic element that inhibits t growth;non vestiges of this element is detected in the film. Mechanical Engineering: Continuation of the study on the Ability to apply hybrid experimental numerical techniques to investigate and mode behaviour in different topics (fatigue, impact, friction and wear, abrasion resistance, plastic deformation processes, dama mechanical properties in bulk materials, coatings, welded joins, composites, biological systems) improvement of the Ability to develop computational mechanics tools to simulate the mechanical materials behaviour (se developed and upgraded during the period). increase the Know-how in emergent technologies and new materials: Friction stir welding of thin sheets. Joining with mult periods:4-20nm Expertise in Industrial Robotics and Management Continuation on the work on PPC decision support systems (prototype tested in cases study companies since 2004) and on t control/monitoring applications-devices integrated in various industrial prototypes Industrial Solutions - collection of prototype b. Graduation The capacity for training postgraduates and for receiving postdoctoral workers and foreign scientists were increased during the c. Industrial To contribute to the reinforcement of Portuguese Industry particularly in the Central Region- transfer of knowledge and contr carry out, supported by the office of Transfer of Knowledge of Coimbra University (GATS). During this period a continuous reinforcement of links to industry by different methodologies was achieved (projects, visits, me courses, up-date courses, news in the industrial journals and reviews, ) to promote the efficiency of technology transfer. Activities Integrative/multidisciplinary activities during the year of 2008

3 Page 3 of 4 Activities The multidisplinarity continues to be one of the leitmotiv of all the unities that integrate the CEMUC. Understanding of processing obligate strong bridges between materials science and mechanical engineering. The constitution of CEMUC enhanc by creating an official attachment between the unities with practical collaboration. Two main areas continues to be the fields of research in CEMUC where it is evident the multiciplinarity: - The research concerning biodevices (stents, prosthesis and implants), that brought together researchers from diverse a included: biochemistry, biology, chemistry, electrical- mechanical- material- engineers, and clinicians. Biomaterials by themselve clinical therapy. The materials have to be fabricated into devices. This is typically a mechanical engineer s role, but the engineer materials scientists to optimize materials properties and clinicians to ensure that the device is useful in clinical applications. - The new approaches between Materials Scientists and Mechanical Engineering concerning Nano- and sub-micrometer depth this technique is control of mechanical properties of thin films, and now with new applications in microcomponents/dev mechanical properties by conventional processes is unforeseen. The development of microfabrication highlights the inter-collaboration between different competences. Chemistries, physics and materials, mechanical, electronic and environmental work together to optimize the practice of microfabrication. The develop systems for robotic welding involving Smart Industrial Robotics and Management group and Experimental and Computer Ai highlights the research links between the research groups of CEMUC. Outreach activities during the year of 2008 During this period many researchers have become actively involved in further efforts to disseminate information about Materia Engineering: 1. The permanent and itinerant exhibition/laboratory denominated MATERIALmente (MATERIAL lying/brain) continues to ope ages: - For kids it aims to promote the excitement and fun of material science and engineering in primary schools in Coimbra and t This is done through different experiences, introducing simple scientific concepts and principles using hands-on experiments. - For years old students the target is attracting prospective students. The emphasis is Materials evolution, properties and this action is complemented showing how science is taught during a student s time within the University. Students participa sessions, design and build projects, and visits as in University Open Days open to school and college pupils. 2. To promote the scientific culture and awake the natural curiosity of young students for material and mechanical sciences CEM organization of summer school projects. Students from secondary schools have attended the university facilities and our rese touched by Science and Engineering. 3. Several CEMUC researchers have presented talks at secondary schools all over the country, showing their research and teachin Funding LA FCT 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Units FCT 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Projects FCT 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Other (National) 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Other (International) 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 National Industry 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 International Industry 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1 General Indicators No. of Researchers Proposed 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0 No. of Researchers Hired (LA) 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0 Balance 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0

4 Page 4 of 4 General Indicators No. of Researchers Hired (Ciência Programme) 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 4,0 No. of Researchers (FTE) (*) 54,00 61,00 67,00 72,00 81,0 Training Masters (Master thesis completed) 11,00 6,00 7,00 3,00 22,0 Training PhDs (PhD thesis completed) 8,00 10,00 3,00 8,00 4,0 Researchers Hired Name Start Date End Date Other In No researchers found... Technical Personnel Hired Name Start Date End Date Other In No technical personnel found... Additional Comments Additional Comments PhD hired in the program Ciencia 2007: 4 One technical engeneering hired by the end of 2008 Research Groups Reference RG-MECH-Centro-Coimbra RG-MECH-Centro-Coimbra RG-MECH-Centro-Coimbra RG-MECH-Centro-Coimbra RG-MECH-Centro-Coimbra RG-MECH-Centro-Coimbra Title / Principal Investigator Experimental and Computer Aided Tecnology (Altino de Jesus Roque Loureiro) Surface Engineering (Albano Augusto Cavaleiro Rodrigues Carvalho) Sensors and Nanoelectrochemistry (Ana Maria Coelho Ferreira de Oliveira Brett) Nanomaterials and Micromanufacturing (Maria teresa Freire Vieira) Structural Integrity (Jose Antonio Martins Ferreira) Smart Industrial Robotics and Management (Joaquim Norberto Cardoso Pires da Silva)

5 Page 1 of 7 FCT Relatório Científico 2008 Print: 16:44:49 [Centro de Engenharia Mecânica] Group Description Title of Research Group: Principal Investigator: Main Scientific Domain: Group Host Institution: (RG-MECH-Centro-Coimbra ) Nanomaterials and Micromanufacturing Maria teresa Freire Vieira N/D Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - Universidade de Coimbra Funding, source, dates Funding, source, dates POCI/CTM/55970/ /05-6/08 POCI/CTM/59905/ /05-6/08 POCI/CTM/57536/ /05-5/08 POCI/ECM/59904/ /07-11/08 CEMICRO /06-07/10 DEcola /07-6/08 PTDC/CTM/69645/ /07-8/10 Prime/ADI-Silver /07-04/08 Prime/ADI-INATEC /06-12/08 Objectives & Achievements Objectives The main work is performed in the framework of nanostructured thin films and coatings, nanocomposites, and bulk materials, w refereed in the literature of nano- as 2D or 3D materials. I. Production of 2D and 3D (nano) materials A. 2D materials: a.1. The research concerning the production of new hard coating for extremely hard cutting operations are based on M1M2 N multilayer developed and tested in real conditions using wood board. a.2.- Research about mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of nanocrystalline copper thin film and bulk (3D) for t crystallite size. In 2D Copper thin films the challenge was to produce copper thin films with a homogeneous distribution of nano a.3 - Research concerning the surface modification of stainless steel stents by a coating in gradient, from sputtering targets of st and PTFE. Tests in vitro were carried out with different type of cells. B. 2D in a non-conventional applications 2D in non-conventional applications by combining nanocrystalline coatings of different powders from tungsten carbide to stain near net shape processes. C - Based on 3D materials The main goal is to increase the mechanical properties of materials at room temperature by deposition of a metallic layer (secon surface of mechanically alloyed intermetallic powders with a multimodal grain size distribution. This second phase will act as a d will increase the sintering ability of the powders, which will occur at lower temperatures. II. New manufacturing and Micromanufacturing for nanomaterials A. Based on 2D materials Different new processes are being developed in order to produce new coatings and new procedures suitable to be applied in th micro devices, such as: New solid diffusion bonding based on Ti/Al and Ni/Al self-propagating multilayer coatings for micro- devices and parts. Beside

6 Page 2 of 7 Objectives & Achievements on characterization of Al/Ti multilayer before and after bonding, new couple of materials for multilayer bond has been studied. - New approaches has been made in order to optimize feedstocks B. Based on 3D materials New processes of conformation and consolidation have being developed. The detonation process seems to be the main techniq promote the consolidation of nano-alumina and copper. Main Achievements During 2008 the Group of Nanomaterials and Micromanufacturing (N&M) performed innovative research and formation/educational efforts on the application of nanomaterials (nanothickness coatings, nanocrystalline bulk and thin film thin films and bulk materials, nanocomposites, nanoporous membranes ). The decreasing of raw material content and/or ene but also in manufacturing of macro- and micro components or systems are the the main mission target of this group. The ai improve knowledge concerning the new properties structural, chemical and biological of nano advanced materials of value security, the work health and environmental impact were the leit-motive of the new starting research field of the Group. Mission Focus The following list defines the technology fields that are currently emphasized by N&M. - 2D and 3D Nanomaterials Nanocrystalline metallic materials (cfc) Nanocrystalline coated powders (metallic alloys and structural ceramics) New nanomorphologies in thin films coatings for invasive neuroimplants Nanoporous membranes as nanoparticle s filters - Nanomaterials versus Microsystems Mechanical synthesis Development of new technologies/methodologies of densification to produce nano crystalline bulk materials Nano multilayered of two materials with exothermal self-sustained reaction as welding technology for micro parts/devices (solid Biomaterials and biological systems - Feedstocks for micro replicatifs processes and Properties Uniform micro and nanoparticle mixing Inorganic/organic rheological properties Adhesion - Thin Films and Coatings (2D) Production Coated particles and fibers PVD sputtering Coated micro tools Adhesion - Supporting Technologies Micro and nano chemical, structural and morphological characterization of 2D and 3D Micro and nano biological characterization Micro and nano evaluation of mechanical properties Instrumental techniques These technologies have applications to major industrial clusters such as material processing, environmental control, and phar and security products Starting research (2008) - New replicative micromanufacturing processes for metallic micro parts Modeling Simulation Optimization

7 Page 3 of 7 Objectives & Achievements -Nano particle Transport, Deposition and Removal Modeling of fluid flow Flow visualization Detection Wet nano particulate cleaning processes -Nano particle and Health Biological impact Graduation and Training N&M conducts focused materials/microtechnologies activities, supports the training of materials research students and 2sd cy the materials-related components of the Coimbra University (2sd cycle (MSc) of Biomedical, Materials, Mechanical, Environm Conservation and Recovery. The main results achieve during the period of the report are well highlighted in the publication summarized below. Publications in peer review Journals 1. J. Noro, A. S. Ramos, M. T. Vieira Intermetallic phase formation in nanometric Ni/Al multilayer thin films. Intermetallics, 16 (2 2. S. Simões, R. Calinas, P.J. Ferreira, F. Viana, M. T. Vieira, M.F. Vieira, "TEM and SEM in-situ annealing of nanocrystalline cop Microanal., 14 (Suppl 3) (2008) L. I. Duarte, F. Viana, M. F. Vieira, A. S. Ramos, M. T. Vieira, U. E. Klotz, Bonding Gamma-TiAl alloys using Ti/Al nanolayers do Science Forum, (2008) Livramento, V; Correia, JB; Neves, F, et al. Consolidation of Copper-Copper Nitride Nanocomposite Powders via Extru Materials Forum IV, (2008) Castanho, JM; Vieira, MT; Fernandes, CM, et al. Coated WC powders by sputtered nanostructured Ni and stainless steel, Fernandes, CM; Senos, AMR; Vieira, MT, et al., Mechanical characterization of composites prepared from WC powders coat International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials, 26, 5 (2008) A. Guedes, F. Viana, A.M.P. Pinto, M. Vieira, Materials Science Forum, (2008) S. Simões, R. Calinas, P.J. Ferreira, F. Viana, M. T. Vieira, M.F. Vieira, Materials Science Forum, (2008) N.A. Sakharova, M.M. Vieira, J.V. Fernandes, M.F. Vieira, Materials Science Forum, (2008) F.M. Barreiros & M.T. Vieira. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 199 (1-3), (2008) M.T. Vieira, A.G. Martins, F.M. Barreiros, M. Matos & J.M. Castanho. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 201 (2008) F.M. Barreiros, A.G. Martins, M. Matos, J. Mascarenhas & M.T. Vieira. Materials Science Forum, (2008) Th. Schubert, B. Trindade, T. Weissgärber Materials Science & Engineering A 475 (2008) F. Simões, N. Duarte, B. Trindade Reviews on Advanced Materials Science 18 (2008) Marco Caetano, Filipe Oliveira, R. Silva, Fernando Simões, B. Trindade.. Reviews on Advanced Materials Science 18 (2008) M.M. Vieira, J.C. Oliveira, B. Trindade Reviews on Advanced Materials Science 18 (2008) M.M. Vieira, J.C. Oliveira, A. Cavaleiro, B. Trindade Materials Science Forum (2008) E.M. Ruiz-Navas, M.L. Delgado, P. Ribeiro, B. Trindade Improvement of the Bonding Interphase of a Sintered Al 2014-(Ti5 Copper Coating of the Reinforcement, accepted in Journal of Composite Materials M. Caetano, F.J. Oliveira, R.F. Silva, F. Simoes and B. Trindade, Effect of Ni and Cu intermediate layers on the sinterability o mixture synthesized by mechanical alloying, accepted in Reviews on Advanced Materials Science 20. Zollner, A; Ganeles, J; Korostoff, J, et al., Immediate and early non-occlusal loading of Straumann implants with a chem (SLActive) in the posterior mandible and maxilla: interim results from a prospective multicenter randomized-controlled study research,19, 5 (2008)

8 Page 4 of R.M. Santos, C.F. Lourenço, A.P. Piedade, R. Andrews, F. Pomerleau, P. Huettl, G.A. Gerhardt, J. Laranjinha, R. M. Barbosa, Bios 24(4), (2008) J.Nunes, A.P.Piedade, C.B.Duarte and M.T.Vieira, Microsocpy and Microanalysis 14(3), (2008) C. Serpa, J. Schabauer, A.P. Piedade, C. J. P. Monteiro, M.M. Pereira, P. Douglas, H.D. Burrows, L.G. Arnaut, Journal of the Ame 130(28), (2008) A.P.Piedade, J.Nunes, M.T.Vieira, Acta Biomaterialia, 4(4), (2008) A.P.Piedade, J. Nunes, M.T.Vieira "Mechanical characterization of a functionally graded nanocomposite thin film", Journ Nanotechnology, (2008) 26. M. Gutierres, M.A. Lopes, N. S. Hussain, A.F. Lemos, J.M.F. Ferreira, A. Afonso, A.T. Cabral, L. Almeida, J.D. Santos,, Acta Biom P.P. Cortez, Y. Shirosaki, C.M. Botelho, M.J. Simões, F. Gartner, R.M.Gil da Costa, K.Tsuru, S.Hayakawa, A. Osaka, M.A. Maurício,, Key Engineering Materials, , 2008, R.C. Sousa, J.V. Lobato, A.C. Maurício, N.S. Hussain, C.M. Botelho, M.A. Lopes, J.D. Santos, J Biomater Appl., 22 (2008) J. V. Lobato, A. C. Maurício, J. M. Rodrigues, M. V. Cavaleiro, P. P. Cortez, L. Xavier, C. Botelho, N. S. Hussain, J. D. Santos,, J. Surg., 61(1) (2008) Yanbao Li, Wenjian Weng, J.D.Santos, M.A. Lopes, Phys. Chem. Glasses: Eur. J. Glass Sci. Technol. B, 49(1) (2008) J.V. Lobato, N. S. Hussain, A. C. Maurício, A. Afonso, N. Ali, J. D. Santos,. Int. J. Nanomanufacturing, 2, 1-2 (2008) P.S. Gomes, J.D. Santos, M.H. Fernandes,, Acta Biomaterialia, 4, (2008) E. Salgueiredo, M. Vila, M. A. Silva, M.A. Lopes, J.D. Santos, F.M. Costa, R.F. Silva, P.S. Gomes and M.H. Fernandes, Diamond a (2008) L. Luís, J.M. Rodrigues, S. Geuna, S. Amado, Y. Shirosaki, J.M. Lee, F. Fregnan, M.A. Lopes, A.P. Veloso, A.J. Ferreira, J.D. Sa Silva, A.S.P. Varejão, A.C. Maurício, Tissue Engineering, Part A, 14, 6 (2008) M. Oliveira, N. S. Hussein, A.G. Dias, M. A. Lopes, L. Azevedo, H. Zenha, H. Costa, J. D. Santos, Materials Science & Engineeri S. Amado, M. J. Simões, S. Amado, Y. Shirosaki, J.M. Lee, F. Fregnan, A.J. Ferreira, A.S.P. Varejão, M. A. Lopes, J. D. S Biomaterials, 29 (2008) M.H. Braga, J.C.R.E. Oliveira, J. Ferreira, L. F. Malheiros, CALPHAD, doi: /j.jallcom (online). 38. J.C.R.E. Oliveira, M.H. Braga, R.D.M. Travasso,. J. of Non-Crystalline Solids, 354, (2008) 5340/ M.H. Braga, J. Ferreira, L. F. Malheiros, Phase transitions in the Cu-Sb-S system". Mat. Sci. Forum, , (2008) P.M. Gordo, L. Liszkay, Zs. Kajcsos, K Havancsák, V.A. Skuratov, G. Kögel, P. Sperr, W. Egger, A.P. de Lima, M.F. Ferreira Mar Science 255 (2008) Mariazzi, S; Toniutti, L; Brusa, RS, et al., Acta Physica Polonica A, 113, 5 (2008) P.M. Gordo, M.F. Ferreira Marques, A.P. de Lima, Zs.; Acta Physica Polonica A 113 (2008) M.F. Ferreira Marques, P.M. Gordo, A.P. de Lima, D.P. Queiroz, M. Norberta de Pinho, P. Major, Zs. Kajcsos; Acta Physica Polo P. Major, Zs. Kajcsos, L. Liszkay, P. Zalán, C. Kosanovic, S. Bosnar, B. Subotic, K. Lázár, V.A. Skuratov, K. Havancsák, P.M. Gordo Acta Physica Polonica A 113 (2008) M. Amaral, A.G. Dias, P.S. Gomes, M.A. Lopes, R.F. Silva, J.D. Santos and M.H. Fernandes, J. of Biomed Mater Res A, 87(1) (200 Other publications International F.M. Barreiros, M.T. Vieira & J.M. Castanho. Role of Nanostructured Layers on Powders during Sintering of Low Carbon Austenit International Powder Metallurgy Congress et Exhibition (EURO PM2008), European Powder Metallurgy Association, Shrewsbury, (ISBN )

9 Page 5 of 7 M.H. Braga, J.C.R.E. Oliveira, R.D.M. Travasso, L.F. Malheiros, J. Ferreira, Finite Element Simulations of Immiscible Liquids o Advanced Solder Materials for High Temperature Application (HISOLD), Genoa, Italy, 21th 22th Feb., 2008, p. 24, M.H. Braga, J.J.A. Ferreira, I. Isomäki, M. Friman, M. Hämäläinen, J. Pirso, High Temperature XRD for the Ni rich side in Ni-T Saariselkä, Finland, 15th 20th, 2008, p. 98, M.H. Braga, J.C.R.E. Oliveira, J.J.A. Ferreira, L.F. Malheiros, Phase field simulations in miscibility gaps, poster, CALPHAD, Saariselk 2008, p. 40, Phase field simulations in miscibility gaps. J.C.R.E. Oliveira, M.H. Braga, R.D.M. Travasso, oral, Non-Crystalline Solids, FCUP, Porto, 27th - 30th April, 2008, p. 40, Simulatio separation dynamics of the Bi-Zn system. M.H. Braga, J.C.R.E. Oliveira, R.D.M. Travasso, L.F. Malheiros, J. Ferreira, poster, Advanced Solder Materials for High Temperatur Genoa, Italy, 21th 22th Feb., 2008, p. 24, Finite Element Simulations of Immiscible Liquids on Lead Free Solders. J.C.R.E. Oliveira, M.H. Braga, J. Ferreira, L.F. Malheiros, poster, High Temperature Lead Free Solders, Genoa, Italy, 21th conduction in solder spheres reinforced with Ni (using FEM). A. Guedes, A.M.P. Pinto, M. F. Vieira, F. Viana, Microstructure and reaction mechanisms at Gamma-TiAl brazed interfaces, INC Conference on Microscopy and Microanalysis, 43rd Annual Meeting of the Portuguese Society for Microscopy, October, P S. Simões, F. Viana, A.S. Ramos, M.T. Vieira, M.F. Vieira, Intermixing in Ni Al multilayer thin films, INCOMAM 08 Intern Microscopy and Microanalysis, 43rd Annual Meeting of the Portuguese Society for Microscopy, October, Porto, Portugal ( S. Simões, F. Viana, V. Ventzke, M. Koçak, A.S. Ramos, M.T. Vieira, M.F. Vieira, Joining of TiAl alloys using Ni/Al multilayers, INC Conference on Microscopy and Microanalysis, 43rd Annual Meeting of the Portuguese Society for Microscopy, October, P Extremat 1st International Confeence on New Materials for Extreme Environments. San Sebastian (Spain), 2-4 June NanoSMat rd International Conference on Surfaces, Coatings and Nanostructured Materials. Barcelona (Spain), O S. Simões, F. Viana, A.S. Ramos, M.T. Vieira, M. Vieira, Microstructure evolution during Ni/Al multilayer reactions, EMC Microscopy Congress, Aachen, Germany, 1-5 Sept. (2008) Zs. Kajcsos, L. Liszkay, G. Duplâtre, P.M. Gordo, Semiempirical Parameters in the Performance Optimization of Positron Annihi International Workshop on Positron and Positronium Chemistry (Wuhan - China, May 11-15, 2008): Extremat 1st International Confeence on New Materials for Extreme Environments. San Sebastian (Spain), 2-4 June NanoSMat rd International Conference on Surfaces, Coatings and Nanostructured Materials. Barcelona (Spain), O Books Books (editor) - Advanced Materials Forum IV Subtitle: Materiais 2007 Authors/Editors: António Torres Marques, António Fernando Silva, António Paulo Monteiro Baptista, Carlos Sá, Fernando Jorg Malheiros and Manuel Vieira Published in: Materials Science Forum, Volumes ISBN / ISBN-13: / Year: Manual de Microfabricação - Vol. A1 Nanopartículas e saúde, Authors/Editors: P. Partidário Published in: CEMICRO Network of Competence in Micromanufacturing, Centimfe, Marinha Grande, 2008 (ISBN Manual de Microfabricação - Vol. B3 Processos de Replicação, Authors/Editors: F. Barreiros Published in: CEMICRO Network of Competence in Micromanufacturing, Centimfe, Marinha Grande, 2008 (ISBN Manual de Microfabricação - Vol. C2 Caracterização e Avaliação em Microfabricação, Authors/Editors: M. T. Vieira Published IN: CEMICRO Network of Competence in Micromanufacturing, Centimfe, Marinha Grande, 2008 (ISBN Chapters in books - A.P.Piedade "A microssonda como técnica de eleição para a avaliação da composição química em microcompone Microfabricação - Vol. C2 Caracterização e avaliação em microfabricação ; Cemicro Network of Competence in Microm Marinha Grande, 2008 (ISBN ).

10 Page 6 of 7 - A.P.Piedade "Microscopia de força atómica". In: Manual de Microfabricação - Vol. C2 Caracterização e avaliação em micr Network of Competence in Micromanufacturing, Centimfe, Marinha Grande, 2008 (ISBN ). - A.S.Ramos Técnicas de Avaliação do Comportamento Térmico". In: Manual de Microfabricação - Vol. C2 Caracter microfabricação ; Cemicro Network of Competence in Micromanufacturing, Centimfe, Marinha Grande, 2008 (ISBN L.Ribeiro, F.Viana, M.Vieira Microfundição. In: Manual de Microfabricação - Vol. C2 Caracterização e avaliação em micro Network of Competence in Micromanufacturing, Centimfe, Marinha Grande, 2008 (ISBN ). - N. Sooraj Hussain, R. El-Mallawany, G. Hungerford, MJM Gomes, S. K. Mendiratta, J. D. Santos and S. Buddhudu, "Optical Prope doped Lithium Boro Tellurite Glasses". For the book "Physics and Chemistry of Rare-Earth Ions Doped Glasses", Chapter 8, Tran N. Sooraj Hussain, G. Hungerford, MJM Gomes, M.A. Lopes, N.Ali, J.D.Santos and S. Buddhudu, "Luminescence Spectra of rare Boro Silicate and Lead-Bismuth-Germanate Glasses". For the book "Physics and Chemistry of Rare-Earth Ions Doped Glasses" Publications Inc., Other publications National - Nuno Lago, Dinis Carvalho, Laura MM Ribeiro Lean Office, Fundição, nº 248/249, (2008) Flávio AG Silva, Manuela Pereira, Laura MM Ribeiro Selecção e Qualificação de Fornecedores: um caso de estudo, Fundição, n - Maria João S. V. Guedes, Laura MM Ribeiro, Em direcção a uma empresa lean: a mudança necessária, Fundição, nº 251 (2008) Master and Ph.D. thesis completed PhD Isabel Alexandra Lemos, Fabrico e Caracterização de Biocerâmicos macroporosos modificados para Regeneração de tecid Ana Lúcia Emídia de Jesus Luís, Reparação de lesões do nervo periférico num modelo animal, Nov 2008, MSc. Jorge Manuel Nunes Functionally graded thin films for cardio vascular devices, Materials Engineering Universidade de Coimbra Nuno L.L. Carvalho "Product-oriented office cells: the case study of CaetanoBus company", Industrial Engineering at UMinho, Jul Ana S.O.Q.F. Barbosa The effect of chromium on the microstucture and abrasion wear behaviour of alloy cast irons", Met Engineering at FEUP, October. Ana Raquel Soares Rodrigues, for Soil Microreinforcement with plastic rescued fibres FCTUC (September); Paulo Alexandre da Silva Ferreira, co-supervision for Behaviour of microreinforced soil under dynamic loads (September); Carolina de Araújo Canova Recycling plastic waste materials for construction (September); Integrated Master Bruno A. Esteves Alves Estudo sobre a influência da composição e do diâmetro do fio de ouro no processo wirebond e nas memória Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 2 Elsa Wellenkamp de Sequeiros Empenos em substratos durante o processo de encapsulamento de memórias Mestrado Int Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 2008 Manuel Fernando Ventura de Sá Ferreira Optimização do processo PVD tendo em vista ganhos de produtividade Mestrado In Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 2008 Maria Victoria Castro Fernández (co-supervision Prof. Doutor Marcelo Francisco de Sousa Ferreira de Moura) Análise do e numérica e trabalho experimental Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia da 2008 Tiago José Martinho Soares (co-supervision Doutor António Baptista /Sodecia) Análise técnica e económica do processo de com aços microligados ao Boro Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia da 2008 Ana Catarina Campos, Hidroxiapatite modificada com silício para aplicações biomédicas, Daniel Alves Cardoso, Effect of Si doping in glass reinforced hydroxyapatite: physicochemical, structural and in vitro biological e Joaquim António Oliveira e Cunha, Associação do extracto de Equisetum arvense ao Bonelike : actividade osteogénica e antim Rita Pinheiro Gomes da Silva, Desenvolvimento e caracterização físico-química de Bomelike modificado, July Marta Silva, "Coating of Polyethylene Medical Devices ", June.

11 Page 7 of 7 Flávio A. G. Silva "Developing a supplier qualification program on Caetano Bus company", Metallurgical and Materials Engineerin Maria João S.V. Guedes "Implementation of a Lean production control system: a case study", Metallurgical and Materials Engine Ana I.L. Fernandes "Developing the rework process of the nonconforming memory products at Qimonda, Metallurgical and M FEUP, October. Industry contract research Coordenation of Projects and Networks CEMICRO Micromanufacturing Network (ADI ) Making bridges between 2D and 3D nc-materials, POCI/CTM/55970/2004 Tailoring Powder Surfaces to Improve the Densification by PIM and DMLS Technologies, POCI/CTM/59905/2004 Materials and Mechanical Engineering applied to Oral Implantology III/ENG/18/2005 ( ). - SILVER - Protection of the surface of silver and its alloys AdI nº70/00070 ( ) "Photoelectrochemical production of hydrogen. New materials for solar energy conversion" III/46/2008, University of Coimbra XHMS Network Excellence Center in Healthcare & Medical Solutions ( ). Study of hydrogen storage in Cu-Li-Mg and related alloys United States Department of Energy (DOE), Lujan Center Laboratory, New Mexico, USA, "Nano-brazing of advanced materials"ptdc/ctm/69645/2006 FCT Advanced Solder Materials for High-Temperature Application- their nature, design, process and control in a multiscale d European Community Action. New Methodology for Production of Light Composites Leves in Intermetallic matrice with improvment of m POCI/CTM/57536/2004) DECOLA Development of high-chromium cast iron sleeves for ceramic rolling ; Project developed in consortium with C IDEIA, ADI, Ref FDR ( ). Regeneração do Nervo Periférico através da utilização de Tubos-guia Biodegradáveis associados a um Sistem PTDC/CTV/64220/2006 Behaviour of microreinforced soil under static and dynamic loads POCI/ECM/59904/2004 ( ) Future Research Objectives The main work will continue to be in the framework of nanostructured thin films and coatings, nanocomposites, and bulk mate refereed in the literature of nano- as 2D or 3D materials. I. Production of 2D and 3D (nano) materials A. 2D materials: B. 2D in a non-conventional applications C - Based on 3D materials II. New manufacturing and Micromanufacturing for nanomaterials A. Based on 2D materials B. Based on 3D materials Funding, source, dates CEMICRO /06-07/10 PTDC/CTM/69645/ /07-8/10

12 Page 1 of 6 FCT Relatório Científico 2008 Print: 16:44:25 [Centro de Engenharia Mecânica] Group Description Title of Research Group: Principal Investigator: Main Scientific Domain: Group Host Institution: (RG-MECH-Centro-Coimbra ) Sensors and Nanoelectrochemistry Ana Maria Coelho Ferreira de Oliveira Brett N/D Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - Universidade de Coimbra Funding, source, dates Funding, source, dates FCT Project: FCT (PTDC/QUI/65255/2006) ( 65000) Nanobioelectrochemistry: development, surface characterization and applications of layer by layer nanostrutured DNAelectrodes Starting date: January 2008, End date: December 2010 FCT Project: FCT (PTDC/QUI/65732/2006) Novel strategies for electrode surface modification and adsorption: nanoscale characterisation and application to sensor deve inhibition Starting date: January 2009, End date: December 2011 COST Action MP0802 (Materials, physical and nanosciences) Self-Assembled Guanosine Structures for Molecular Electronic Devices European Network on G-Quartets and Quadruplex Nucleic Acids (G4-NET) Starting date: November 2008, End date: 2012 Objectives & Achievements Objectives The group objectives have been concerned with fundamental research through to applications in the environmental, food and h The goals of the research undertaken have been concerned with the study of electrode processes, electron and charge tra nanostructures, and development of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Applications are to studying the mechanisms o drug action through oxidation, of electron transfer reactions of biological compounds, mainly DNA, and their micro/nanobio conducting and on electrode surfaces: Topics investigated were: -Development and characterisation of new electrode materials, nanostructured materials, electroactive polymers and surface m - Corrosion and its inhibition: aluminium, steels, coated steels and titanium alloys, of copper and of dental amalgams in biologic - Development of electrochemical enzyme and DNA-biosensors, - Electrochemical detection of biological molecules or complexes and DNA biomarkers on biological fluids, - Sensors for electroanalysis and speciation in waters and effluents using flow and injection systems. - Electrochemical detection of in situ oxidative damage to DNA using a nanoscale film DNA-electrochemical biosensor - Electron transfer mechanisms of antioxidants, - Oxidation mechanisms of drugs of abuse. - Study and characterisation of single and composite ceramic metal oxide sensing elements for for applications as gas; humidity - Gas sensors for use in diagnosis of non-invasive respiratory allergies or digestive infections. - Application of sensors to monitoring of natural samples in complex matrices Main Achievements

13 Page 2 of 6 Objectives & Achievements 1 Sensors, electrode materials and electrochemical biosensors: - Study and characterisation of single and composite ceramic metal oxide sensing elements for incorporation in pellet and film as gas; humidity and magnetic sensors. - New carbon electrode materials and redox polymer surface modified carbon electrodes, for a variety of sensor architecture investigated. Carbon film-coated piezoelectric quartz crystals for use in electrochemical quartz crystal microbalances and new carbon composite electrodes have been produced and characterized. Application to analysis of pharmaceutical compounds by o - Electrochemical biosensor research with a view to applications involving chemical substances which have importance for h environment. New oxidase enzyme biosensors with carbon film and carbon composite electrode substrates, with different redo investigated. 2 Corrosion - studies have been carried out on metals and complex metal alloys (aluminium, steels, coated steels and amalgams in biological fluids) involving the influence of solution composition on corrosion rate. The nanostructure of the methods for corrosion inhibition have been probed, especially for metallic copper. 3 Bioelectrochemistry - electron transfer reactions were investigated, pursuing a better understanding of the reaction mech nanoscale characterization of the nanoscopic/molecular level electrode surface phenomena of biologically relevant compounds on: - Antioxidant electron transfer mechanisms, - Electrochemical detection of in situ oxidative damage to DNA using a nanoscale film DNA-electrochemical biosensor Nanobioelectrochemistry: development, atomic force microscopy surface characterization, and applications of layer-by-laye modified electrodes. Publications in peer review Journals A.-M. Chiorcea-Paquim, R. Pauliukaite, C.M.A. Brett, A.M. Oliveira-Brett, AFM nanometer surface morphological study of in neutral red redox mediator oxysilane sol-gel encapsulated glucose oxidase electrochemical biosensors, Biosens. Bioelectron., ) M.M. Barsan, C.M.A. Brett, An alcohol oxidase biosensor using PNR redox mediator at carbon film electrodes, Talanta, 74, J.A.M. Sousa, A. Gerhardt, C.M.A. Brett, A.J.A. Nogueira, A.M.V.M. Soares, Behavioural responses of indigenous benthic inverteb meridionalis, Hydropsyche pellucidula and Choroterpes picteti) to a pulse of acid mine drainage: a laboratorial study, Enviro (IF = 3.135) F.S. Felix, C.M.A. Brett, L. Angnes, Flow injection analysis using carbon film resistor electrodes for amperometric determination o , (IF = 3.374) F.N. Crespilho, M.E. Ghica, C. Gouveia-Caridade, O.N. Oliveira Jr., C.M.A. Brett, Enzyme immobilisation on electroactive nano (ENM): optimised architectures for biosensing, Talanta, 76, , (IF = 3.374) I. Novak, P. Janeiro, M. Seruga, A.M. Oliveira-Brett, Ultrasound extracted flavonoids from four varieties of Portuguese red gra reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, Anal. Chim. Acta, 630, , (I S.C.B. Oliveira, O. Corduneanu, A.M. Oliveira-Brett, In situ evaluation of heavy metal-dna interactions using an electroch Bioelectrochemistry, 72, 53 58, (IF = 2,992) S.C.B. Oliveira, M. Vivan, A.M. Oliveira Brett, Electrochemical behavior of thalidomide at a glassy carbon electrode, Electroan (IF = 2.949) R. Pauliukaite, A.P. Doherty, K.D. Murnaghan, C.M.A. Brett, Application of some room temperature ionic liquids in the develo carbon film electrodes, Electroanalysis, 20, , (IF = 2.949) F.S. Semaan, E.M. Pinto, É.T.G. Cavalheiro, C.M.A. Brett, A graphite-polyurethane composite electrode for the analysis of furosem , (IF = 2.949) R. Pauliukaite, C.M.A. Brett, Poly(neutral red): electrosynthesis, characterisation and application as a redox mediator, Electroa (IF = 2.949) R. Pauliukaite, M. Schoenleber, P. Vadgama, C.M.A. Brett, Development of electrochemical biosensors based on sol-gel enz protective polymer membranes, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 390, , (IF = 2.867)

14 Page 3 of 6 E.M. Pinto, D.M. Soares, C.M.A. Brett, Interaction of BSA protein with copper evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectros microbalance, Electrochim. Acta, 53, , (IF = 2.848) C. Gouveia-Caridade, R. Pauliukaite, C.M.A. Brett, Development of electrochemical oxidase biosensors based on carbon nanotub electrodes for glucose and ethanol, Electrochim. Acta, 53, , (IF = 2.848) M.M. Barsan, E.M. Pinto, C.M.A. Brett, Electrosynthesis and electrochemical characterisation of phenazine polymers for ap Electrochim. Acta, 53, , (IF = 2.848) J. Martinovic, A.-M. Chiorcea-Paquim, V.C. Diculescu, J. Van Wyk, E. Iwuoha, P. Baker, S. Mapolie,.A.M. Oliveira-Brett, Meta generation salicylaldimine poly(propylenimine) tetraamine dendrimers: electrochemical study and atomic force microscopy ima 53, , (IF = 2.848) D.P. Santos, M.V.B. Zanoni, M.F. Bergamini, A.-M. Chiorcea-Paquim, V.C. Diculescu, A.M. Oliveira Brett, Poly glutamic acid na carbon electrode: characterization by atomic force microscopy, voltammetry and electrochemical impedance, Electrochim. Act (IF = 2.848) O. Corduneanu, V.C. Diculescu, A.-M. Chiorcea-Paquim, A.M. Oliveira-Brett, Shape-controlled palladium nanowires and nanopa on carbon electrodes, J. Electroanal. Chem, 624, , (IF = 2.580) R. Pauliukaite, A.P. Doherty, K.D. Murnaghan, C.M.A. Brett, Characterisation and application of carbon film electrodes in room t media, J. Electroanal. Chem., 616, 14-26, (IF = 2.580) M.E. Ghica, C.M.A. Brett, Glucose oxidase inhibition in poly(neutral red) mediated enzyme biosensors for heavy metal determin 163, , (IF = 1.959) C. Gouveia-Caridade, C.M.A. Brett, Strategies, development and applications of polymer-modified electrodes for stripping analy , (IF = 1.815) C. Gouveia-Caridade, D.M. Soares, H.-D. Liess, C.M.A. Brett, Electrochemical, morphological and microstructural characterization electrodes for application in electrochemical sensors, Appl. Surf. Sci., 254, , (IF = 1.406) P. Kozminski, A.M. Oliveira-Brett, Anthocyanin monitoring in four red grape skin extract varieties using RP-HPLC-ED, Anal. Lett., 1.362) M. Santos, J. Perdigão, P. Faia, Ultrasonic guided waves scattering effects from defects in adhesively bonded lap joints using pit echo techniques, Journal of Adhesion, 84, , (IF = 1.143) M. Florescu, C.M.A. Brett, Nanostructurated biosensors development for environmental measurements, J. Optoelectron. Adv. M (IF = 0.827) Other publications International A.M. Oliveira Brett, Electrochemical DNA Assays, in Bioelectrochemistry: fundamentals, experimental techniques and applica John Wiley, UK, Chapter 12, , C.M.A. Brett, Electrocatalysis: electrodes as heterogeneous catalysts and application in sensors and fuel cells, in Catalysis. From ed. J.L. Figueiredo, M.M. Pereira, J. Faria, Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Chapter D1, C.M.A. Brett, Batch injection analysis, in Advances in Flow Analysis, ed. M. Trojanowicz, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Chapter 4, C.M.A. Brett, Fundamentals of electrochemistry, in Piezoelectric transducers and applications, 2nd Edition, Ed. A. Arnau, Spr , H. Perrot, E.J. Calvo, C.M.A. Brett, Modified piezoelectric surfaces, in Piezoelectric transducers and applications, 2nd Edition, BerlinChapter 11, , 2008,. C.M.A. Brett, Sonoelectrochemistry, in Piezoelectric transducers and applications, 2nd Edition, Ed. A. Arnau, Springer, Berlin A. Amine, C.M.A. Brett, G. Palleschi Eds., Biosensors for food analysis, Special issue of Microchimica Acta, Vol.163 No. 3/4, Other publications National R. Carvalho, C.M.A. Brett, Influência da mucina no mecanismo de corrosão de uma amalgáma dentária em saliva artificial, Co , 2008.

15 Page 4 of 6 Master and Ph.D. thesis completed MSc: Luis Santos Aproximação Bayesiana para estimação de posições 3-D usando sistema de visão monocular. Universidade de Coimbra, MSc: Ricardo Jorge da Cunha Carvalho Influência da mucina no mecanismo de corrosão de uma amálgama dentária em saliva artificial, Mestrado em Química, Universi Muito Bom. PhD: Carla Isabel Madaleno Gouveia Branco Caridade, Eléctrodos de filme de carbono: Caracterização e aplicação em sensores e biossensores electroquímicos, Universidade de Coimb distinção e louvor Organization of conferences A.M. Oliveira Brett, Member of the Scientific Committee, Chair of the Bioelectrochemistry Symposium 59th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry (ISE) Seville, Spain, 7-12 September C.M.A. Brett, Member of the Scientific Committee ESEAC 2008, Prague, Czech Republic, June C.M.A. Brett, Co-chair of the Organizing Committee, President of ISE 59th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry (ISE) Seville, Spain, 7-12 September Internationalization BRAZIL: University of São Paulo, IPEN, State University of São Paulo, University of Campinas, Federal University of São Carlo Pernambuco, Federal University of Vale de São Francisco ROMANIA: University of Bucharest, University of Cluj-Napoca UK: University of Durham, University of London Queen Mary, University of Oxford SPAIN: Polytechnic University of Valencia, Complutense University-Madrid, University of Santiago de Compostela, University of Salamanca. FRANCE: University of Perpignan, École Nationale Supérieure de Mines de Saint-Étienne GERMANY: Army University of Munich, Ruhr University-Bochum ITALY: University Tor Vergata - Rome MORROCO: University of Mohammedia GREECE: University of Athens SLOVAKIA: Comenius University of Bratislava Collaborative publications at the international level are as follows: J.A.M. Sousa, A. Gerhardt, C.M.A. Brett, A.J.A. Nogueira, A.M.V.M. Soares, Environ. Pollut., 156, , (IF = 3.135)

16 Page 5 of 6 F.S. Felix, C.M.A. Brett, L. Angnes,, Talanta, 76, , (IF = 3.374) F.N. Crespilho, M.E. Ghica, C. Gouveia-Caridade, O.N. Oliveira Jr., C.M.A. Brett,, Talanta, 76, , (IF = 3.374) I. Novak, P. Janeiro, M. Seruga, A.M. Oliveira-Brett,, Anal. Chim. Acta, 630, , (IP = 3.186) R. Pauliukaite, A.P. Doherty, K.D. Murnaghan, C.M.A. Brett, Electroanalysis, 20, , (IF = 2.949) F.S. Semaan, E.M. Pinto, É.T.G. Cavalheiro, C.M.A. Brett,, Electroanalysis, 20, , (IF = 2.949) R. Pauliukaite, M. Schoenleber, P. Vadgama, C.M.A. Brett, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 390, , (IF = 2.867) E.M. Pinto, D.M. Soares, C.M.A. Brett,, Electrochim. Acta, 53, , (IF = 2.848) J. Martinovic, A.-M. Chiorcea-Paquim, V.C. Diculescu, J. Van Wyk, E. Iwuoha, P. Baker, S. Mapolie, A.M. Oliveira-Brett,, Electrochi (IP = 2.848) D.P. Santos, M.V.B. Zanoni, M.F. Bergamini, A.-M. Chiorcea-Paquim, V.C. Diculescu, A.M. Oliveira Brett, Electrochim. Acta, 53, 2.848) R. Pauliukaite, A.P. Doherty, K.D. Murnaghan, C.M.A. Brett, J. Electroanal. Chem., 616, 14-26, (IF = 2.580) C. Gouveia-Caridade, D.M. Soares, H.-D. Liess, C.M.A. Brett, Appl. Surf. Sci., 254, , (IF = 1.406) M. Florescu, C.M.A. Brett, J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater., 10, , (IF = 0.827) Future Research Objectives The group objectives will continue to be concerned with fundamental research through to applications in the environmental, foo Topics that will continue to be investigated: -Development and characterisation of new electrode materials, nanostructured materials, electroactive polymers and surface m - Corrosion and its inhibition: aluminium, steels, coated steels and titanium alloys, of copper and of dental amalgams in biologic - Development of electrochemical enzyme and DNA-biosensors, - Electrochemical detection of biological molecules or complexes and DNA biomarkers on biological fluids, - Sensors for electroanalysis and speciation in waters and effluents using flow and injection systems. - Electrochemical detection of in situ oxidative damage to DNA using a nanoscale film DNA-electrochemical biosensor - Electron transfer mechanisms of antioxidants, - Oxidation mechanisms of drugs of abuse. - Study and characterisation of single and composite ceramic metal oxide sensing elements for for applications as gas; humidity - Gas sensors for use in diagnosis of non-invasive respiratory allergies or digestive infections. - Application of sensors to monitoring of natural samples in complex matrices Funding, source, dates FCT Project: FCT (PTDC/QUI/65255/2006) ( 65000) Nanobioelectrochemistry: development, surface characterization and applications of layer by layer nanostrutured DNAelectrodes Starting date: January 2008, End date: December 2010 FCT Project: FCT (PTDC/QUI/65732/2006) Novel strategies for electrode surface modification and adsorption: nanoscale characterisation and application to sensor deve inhibition Starting date: January 2009, End date: December 2011 COST Action MP0802 (Materials, physical and nanosciences)

17 Page 6 of 6 Future Research Self-Assembled Guanosine Structures for Molecular Electronic Devices European Network on G-Quartets and Quadruplex Nucleic Acids (G4-NET) Starting date: November 2008, End date: 2012

18 Page 1 of 5 FCT Relatório Científico 2008 Print: 16:43:59 [Centro de Engenharia Mecânica] Group Description Title of Research Group: Principal Investigator: Main Scientific Domain: Group Host Institution: (RG-MECH-Centro-Coimbra ) Surface Engineering Albano Augusto Cavaleiro Rodrigues Carvalho N/D Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - Universidade de Coimbra Funding, source, dates Funding, source, dates National - REVDUR, POCI V /A037/2005 ( ), Produção de revestimentos nanocompósitos: co-deposição por pulverização catódica e feixe de clusters, POCTI/CTM/ CARBOLUB PTDC/EME-TME/66471/2006 ( ) DecoMat, PTDC/CTM/70037/2006 ( ) International - FOREMOST - CE, IP / FP6 / NMP3-CT ( ), Nanocomposite coatings with improved wear resistance at elevated temperatures, CZ, project B ( ) Self-lubricating coatings based on transition metal dichalcogenides, CZ Science Foundation, project 106/07/P014 ( ). Objectives & Achievements Objectives The research performed in this group is related with the modification of the surface of materials by the deposition of coati focused in the areas of Mechanical Engineering in all fields related with Energy, Quality of Life and Improvement of the Eff Engines and Mechanical components. The specific objectives established for the research performed in 2008 were: - upscaling the deposition of W-doped DLC coatings with different H contents, previously developed in a laboratory equi machine with 4 targets (1 Ti for the interlayer and 3 of C with incrusted W pellets); characterization and comparison with previou - in-service drilling tests of DLC coated cutting tools; influence of W and H additions to the DLC on the coatings performance; c - Brasil - extending the research on the influence of the metal element doping of DLC films on the lubrication performance to b collaboration with Ljubliana and Leeds Universities; - extending the study of transition metal dichalcogenides alloyed with carbon coatings to the Mo-Se-C and W-Se-C systems; de mechanisms during sliding; - deposition of hard B-C-Si coatings; improvement of the impact resistance of B4C coatings by the addition of Si; collaboration USA and Uppsala University in Sweden. - use of HIPIMS technique for improving the crystallization probability in B-C sputtered coatings; collaboration with Linkoping U - keeping running the area of high temperature characterization of hard wear resistant coatings, including the tribological be based industrially deposited coatings (HVM CZ) and finishing the studies on W-O-N system; - developing and optimising the deposition of Lax (SiO4)6 O2+0,5x-based electrolyte films for solid oxide fuel cells usi sputtering process; - studying the thermal evolution/stability of Ceria-based coatings deposited in France in the aim of an established collaboration Main Achievements - launching the basis for establishing a new research line in the area of solar cells based on Gratzel cells - keeping pursuing the success on depositing new nanocomposite coatings based on the simultaneous use of a sputtering formed clusters gun; application to inorganic fullerene like materials (IFLM) or SiC clusters embedded in TiN or Ti matrixes, respe

19 Page 2 of 5 Objectives & Achievements - creating the necessary collaborations for permitting the fine characterization of clusters embedded coatings; accessing to HRT - Supporting the adaptation of a Raman spectroscopy equipment to a tribometer in order to have in-situ characterizati Collaboration with Czech Technical University The main objectives achieved in 2008 are: - the industrial deposition of W-DLC:H coatings was possible; the adhesion problems were solved and the coatings were tested - first lubricated tests were performed in Me-doped DLC coatings; the need to characterize the wear tracks with Raman delaye the installation of Raman is preview for 2009; - the tribological behaviour of TMD+C coatings was fully understood: in relation to the achievements got in this subject in characterization to other systems besides the Mo-Se-C and similar results were obtained; - we showed that to get an excellent high temperature behaviour of the Cr-based coatings it was necessary the presence of Si; - electrolyte thin films were deposited and physical and chemical characterized; the electrochemical performance of the investigation thanks to the collaborations existing with French and Portuguese laboratories; - several modifications were introduced in the sputtering / clusters gun apparatus; it was possible to incorporate clusters in the the control of the process is still very preliminary; the injection of the clusters in liquid environment also started; - the deposition of the matrixes using a reactive atmosphere based on liquid injection was successful; for example in the case o to deposit crystalline material even in room conditions. Publications in peer review Journals 1 - A.M. Neves, V. Severo, L. Cvrek, T. Polcar, C. Louro, A. Cavaleiro, In situ structural evolution of arc-deposited Cr-based coating Technology, 202, (2008) (IF = 1,678 ; nºc = 0) E.V. Tsipis, E.N. Naumovich, A.L. Shaula, M.V. Patrakeev, J.C. Waerenborgh, V.V. Kharton, Oxygen nonstoichiometry and (Fe)O4+δ. Solid State Ionics, 2008, vol. 179, pp (IF = 2.012, CN = 2). 3 - J.R. Frade, V.V. Kharton, A.L. Shaula, and F.M.B. Marques, Interfacial effects in potentiometric oxygen sensors: the role of t thickness of solid electrolyte ceramics, Sensor Letters, 2008, vol. 6, pp (IF = 1.587, CN = 0). 4 - V.V. Kharton, A.V. Kovalevsky, M.V. Patrakeev, E.V. Tsipis, A.P. Viskup, V.A. Kolotygin, A.A. Yaremchenko, A.L. Shaula Waerenborgh, Oxygen nonstoichiometry, mixed conductivity, and Mossbauer spectra of Ln0.5A0.5FeO3-δ (Ln = La-Sm, A = S size, Chemistry of Materials, 2008, vol. 20, pp (IF = 4.883, CN = 0). 5 - C. Silviu Sandu, T. Polcar, A. Cavaleiro, TEM investigation of MoSeC films, Microscopy and Microanalysis 14 supp 3 (2008) T Polcar, T Kubart, E Malainho, M Vasilevskiy, NMGParreira and A Cavaleiro, Nanoscale colour control: W O graded magnetron sputtering, Nanotechnology 19 (2008) (IF = 3.31, CN = 0) 7 - N.M.G. Parreira, Y.T. Pei, D. Galvan, T. Polcar, J.Th.M. De Hosson, A. Cavaleiro, TEM Characterization of W-O-N Coa Microanalysis 14 supp 3 (2008) (IF = 1.941, CN = 0) 8 - N.M.G. Parreira, T. Polcar, N.J.M. Carvalho and A. Cavaleiro, A simple model for the deposition of W-O coatings by reactive g Appl Phys 43 (2008) (IF = 0.608, CN = 0) 9 - T. Polcar, M. Evaristo, R. Colaço, C. Silviu Sandu, A. Cavaleiro, Nanoscale triboactivity: Response of Mo-Se-C coatings to slidin (IF = 3.624, CN = 0) 10 - T. Vitu, T. Polcar, L. Cvrcek, R. Novak, J. Macak, J. Vyskocil, A. Cavaleiro, Structure and Tribology of Biocompatible Ti-C Technol. 202 (2008) (IF = 1,678 ; nºc = 0) T. Polcar, M. Evaristo, M. Stueber, A. Cavaleiro,Synthesis and structural properties of Mo Se C sputtered coatings Technology 202 (2008) (IF = 1,678 ; nºc = 3) T. Polcar, N.M.G. Parreira and A. Cavaleiro, Structural and tribological characterization of tungsten nitride coatings at eleva 265 (2008) (IF = 1.395, CN = 0) 13. Study of the structural changes induced by air oxidation in Ti-Si-N hard coatings, Pilloud D, Pierson JF, de Lucas MCM, A. Ca & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, 202 (2008) 2413 (IF = 1,678 ; nºc = 0).

20 Page 3 of Structural and mechanical properties of Ti-Si-C-ON for biomedical applications, Guimaraes F, Oliveira C, Sequeiros E, A. Ca & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, 202 (2008) (IF = 1,678 ; nºc = 1) Influence of air oxidation on the properties of decorative NbOxNy coatings prepared by reactive gas pulsing, Chappe JM Mendez S, A. Cavaleiro, et al., SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, 202 (2008) (IF = 1,678 ; nºc = 2) Performance of W-TI-(N) coated pins in lubricated pin-on-disk tests, Silva PN, Dias JP, Cavaleiro A, SURFACE & COATIN (2008) (IF = 1,678 ; nºc = 0) Hard amorphous Ti-Al-N coatings deposited by sputtering, Oliveira JC, Manaia A, Cavaleiro A, THIN SOLID FILMS, , CN = 0) 18 - Synthesis and electrical properties of Ln(2)CuO(4+delta) (Ln : Nd or La) mixed conductor sputter deposited coating Lapostolle F, A.Cavaleiro, et al., IONICS, 14 (2008) (IF = 0.485, CN = 0) 19 - Effect of the microstructure on the cutting performance of superhard (Ti,Si,Al)N nanocomposite films, Fernandes C, Ca Cavaleiro, et al. VACUUM, 82 (2008) (IF = 0.881, CN = 0) 20 - Synthesis of La-9.33(SiO4)(6)O-2 apatite-type by mechanical alloying, Vieira MM, Oliveira JC, Cavaleiro A, et al., REV MATERIALS SCIENCE, 18 (2008) (IF = 1.122, CN = 0) 21 - The Influence of the Substrate on the Mechanical Properties of Si-Doped DLC Thin Films, Silva CWME, Branco JRT, Oliveira MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM, (2008) (IF = S/N, CN = 0) 22 - Mixed Si/Ge Apatite-Type Phase Produced by Mechanical Alloying, Vieira MM, Oliveira JC, Cavaleiro A, et al., MATERIALS 588 (2008) (IF = S/N, CN = 0) 23 - Morphological and structural characterization of oxidized La-Si sputtered thin films, J.C. Oliveira and A. Cavaleiro, Microsc -84. (IF = 1.941, CN = 0) Other publications International 1. M. Evaristo, T. Polcar, A. Cavaleiro, Tribological behavior of C-alloyed transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) coatings in International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design 4 (2008) Polcar, T. - Evaristo, M. - Colaco, R. - Cavaleiro, A., Tribological analysis of MoSeC coatings: from nano to macroscale, P International Tribology Conference Tribology Pretoria: SAIT, 2008, p Moura e Silva, C.W. Branco, J.R.T. - Cavaleiro, A., How can H content influence the tribological behavior of W-containing DL of the SAIT International Tribology Conference Tribology Pretoria: SAIT, 2008, p Master and Ph.D. thesis completed MSc Mechanical Eng. - Márcio André Guímaro, Effect of Si content on the mechanical properties of the B-C:Si sputtered coating MSc. Mechanical Eng. - Célia Regina Oliveira, Influence of W addition on the oxidation behaviour of C-based films, Coimbra, 200 MSc. Materials Eng. - Albano Augusto Nogueira Influência da temperatura de revenido na resistência ao impacto de peças realizadas em aço Thyroplast Universidade de Coimbra, Outubro de PhD Manuel António Peralta Evaristo - Revestimentos nanocompósitos para aplicações de baixo atrito. - Universidade de Patents/propotypes Reactive spraying method for coating substrate, e.g. with titanium oxynitride, includes introducing reactive gas into spray determined by cyclic control signal Derwent Primary Accession Number: 2008-D73298 [27] FR A1 29 Feb 2008 Organization of conferences