Hidroenergia. Ensino e Investigação Um novo paradigma. 1/10/2013 H.M. Ramos Profª do DECivil

Transcrição

1 Hidroenergia Ensino e Investigação Um novo paradigma 1/10/2013 H.M. Ramos Profª do DECivil 1

2 Enquadramento Em construção, em projecto, adaptação e reabilitação em mais de 130 países. International overview ~ Continents/regions Hydropower Potential Theoretical Installed Production in average To be installed (under Potential Power year construction) Planned Power (GWh/ano) (MW) (GWh/ano) (MW) (MW) Africa > Asia incl. Russia and > Turkey Australia and Oceania ~ Europe > NorthAmerica > SouthAmerica > > World 392 > > > Based on: H&D (Hydropower and Dams) World Atlas, 2010; ICOLD International Commision on Large Dams; ESHA European Small Hydro Association; IWRA International Water Resources Association, IWA International Water association; IWMI International Water Management Institute; UNEP United Nations Environment Programme; UNESCO-IHE Institute of Water Education; Water Aid. 2

3 Hidroenergia tecnologia extremamente flexível para produção de energia, de resposta rápida em termos de injecção na rede, permitindo a optimização da produção para fazer face à variação dos recursos e do consumo 3

4 4

5 Europe 5

6 Portugal Portugal currently leads in Europe, the countries that will invest more in hydropower and solutions with pumped storage (World Atlas, 2010) In Portugal is expected to increase in pumped-storage hydropower systems of 5000 MW to 7000 MW by 2020

7 Alqueva Dam: - Guadiana river - started operating in 2004 Objectives: - electricity supply; - public water supply; - irrigation of ha of agricultural land; - implementation of leisure and tourism infrastructures. Pumped-Storage (armazenamento por bombagem) A melhor solução para armazenamento e intermitência das energias renováveis Upgrade Project Alqueva II 2 reversible groups with Francis turbines P= 256 MW Regulation of the grid: -Hours of low demand and low electricity price - pump -Hours of high demand and high electricity price - turbine 7

8 Seawater Pumped-Storage: (armazenamento com bombagem de água salgada) - 1st Seawater Pumped-Storage Power Station: Okinawa, Japão (1999) - Lower reservoir = SEA - Volume of the reservoir and volume of water unlimited Pumped-Storage in Cape Verde Seawater Pumped-Storage Power Stations: 50% renewable scenario (127 /MWh) Employment-Construction: 515 new jobs;operation and maintenance (per year): 313 jobs; Decrease in imports and fuel cost: Reduction:- 75M l/year heavy fuel,- 37M /year on imports; CO2 emission reduction: ton. 8

9 INICIATIVA TRANSVERSAL EM ENERGIA (IST Energy Initiative) Visão holística e multidisciplinar da Energia no IST Grandes desafios para um novo paradigma energético com as seguintes linhas estratégicas principais: Promover a eficiência energética Diversificar as fontes energéticas e incentivar a utilização de energias renováveis Modernizar as redes de distribuição e as infra-estruturas de conversão e de armazenamento de energia Esta rede de conhecimento é assente em três pilares: o ensino, a investigação e a cooperação com o meio académico e empresarial nacional e internacional.

10 Ensino MEGE MestradoemEngengariae Gestãoda Energia(MSc in Energy Engineering and Management) MestradosInternacionais New European Mater Programmes KIC Innonergy: RENE SELECT ENTECH CLEAN COAL

11 Educação de base ampla em engenharia da energia com várias especializações; Aprendizagem e trabalho num contexto interdisciplinar e internacional; Colaboração entre as melhores universidades na Europa; Dois anos de estudo (2º ciclo), obtendo grau duplo; Com objectivo sobre os processos de gestão e inovação; Estreita cooperação com parceiros industriais; Bolsas InnoEnergy KIC.

12 Coming from different backgrounds firstly get a common knowledge in Energy Engineering and Management. Basic Harmonization / Common Courses: the combination of the classes depends on each background, e.g. a Bachelor in mechanical engineering needs go deepen knowledge into other engineering Main Subjects (complementary and specializations) to deepen knowledge in different specializations, which differ between the collaborating universities. During the first year of study, students will have one main subject and a second one during the following year at another partner university.

13 Another important skills: with special emphasis on innovation and management processes. The issues dealt with in a project work and later on in the course of your studies, particularly in the master thesis, are either topics associated to the industry concerns/problems to be solved, with practical relevance. The curricular part of 90 ECTS corresponds to: Harmonization: ECTS Specific training in Energy Engineering and Management: Common training 28,5 ECTS Specialized training ECTS Additional Training 6-18 ECTS

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15 Specialization(IST) Chemical Fuels Nuclear Energy Renewable Energy Energy Conversion Energy Efficiency Decentralized Power Supply and Grid Integration + Thermal Power Plants + ENTECH (IST-KIT) Main Subjects(KIT) Chemical Energy Carriers + Utility Facilities Thermal Power Plants + Nuclear and Fusion Technology Renewable Energy and Energy Storage or Thermal Power Plants Renewable Energy and Energy Storage or Utility Facilities or Decentralized Power Supply and Grid Integration Energy in Buildings + Renewable Energy and Energy Storage

16 KIC-Master ENTECH: Schematic Overview 60 ECTS (Specialization, complementary and harmonization) 60 ECTS (Specialization and complementary) (Harmonization) (Common, harmonization)

17 Investigação New challenges novos desafios Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Hydrodynamic and Mathematical Modelling; New energy converters; Hydropower and Pumped-Storage Systems; Water and Energy Nexus and systems elasticity; Energy Efficiency and Water/Energy Smart Grids; Optimization in Pumping systems and Energy Management; Hybrid Sustainable Solutions; 17

18 Investigação New energy converters Recent research - new energy converters 7th FP from EU HYLOW:

19 RANGE OF APPLICATION: interest of these micro-turbines

20 Micro (7th FP HYLOW) For pressurised flows D=200 mm 20

21 For open-channel flows 7th FP HYLOW Curves blades Power, curved Power, straight Efficiency η, curved Efficiency η, straight 0,8 0,7 0,6 Power, W ,5 0,4 0,3 Efficiency η, , , Flow, l/s 0,0 Diagonal blades P, straight P, diagonal Efficiency η, straight Efficiency η, diagonal 0,7 0, ,5 Power, W ,4 0,3 0,2 Efficiency η, , Flow, l/s 0,0 21

22 Water and Energy nexus WATER Hybrid solutions: in a complementary way ENERGY similarit y

23 Eficiência hidrodinâmica CEHIDRO CFD analyses hydrodynamic behaviour 23

24 Hydrodynamic studies layout, losses, turbulence, vortex, flow separation zones avoid unsafe conditions and inefficient solutions 24

25 Water supply systems (WSS) have high energy costs which depend on the water consumption and the energy tariff. These systems have to guarantee enough water in quantity and quality. Energy and hydraulic efficiency are important goals for the sustainable development of WSS: Energy potential assessment Daily programming of the pumping operation 25

26 Benefit of the excess available hydro energy in WSS - PRV/Turbine PRV 26

27 Optimização dos gastos energéticos u (m/s) Winter Summer Pumping optimisation Hour 27

28 The optimization allows a significant cost reduction in the energy consumption: around 47% when compared to the normal operation mode. When a wind turbine is included, the cost reduction much higher 28

29 Resultados esperados Formar competências na área da água/energia Promover o uso racional da água e da energia; Descentralizar o fornecimento de energia primária estimulando soluções alternativas inovadoras integradas em sistemas hidráulicos (com vista às redes inteligentes de água e energia); Reduzir a dependência externa de energia e promover a implementação de soluções baseadas em energias renováveis; Aumentar a eficácia e eficiência dos sistemas hidráulicos e energéticos; 29

30 Fazer face às alterações climáticas e melhorar o consumo de água e energia; Permitir uma melhor integração das fontes intermitentes de energia renovável (e.g. eólica e solar). Beneficiar de sistemas hidráulicos existentes com caudal disponível e garantido com potencial hidro-energético disponível; Ter uma gestão integrada de água e energia com vista a poder responder às exigências de uma nova era baseada na elasticidade dos sistemas hídricos e energéticos de forma integrada e optimizada e às futuras redes inteligentes de água e energia 30