c Vr :a e UNESCO Recursos Educacionais Abertos: Perguntas Frequentes Neil Butcher, OER Africa

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1 Rcurss Educcinis Abrts: Prgunts Frqunts Nil Butchr, OER Afric UNESCO Unitd Ntins Eductinl, Scintific nd Culturl Orgniztin iw COMMONWEALTH OfLEARNING L c Vr : UNESCO with Citç: th Cmmnwlth j prmissä A rplicr, visit tribuiç f Lrning cncdid sb cpir, distribuir trnsmitir, css N. (2011). A Bsic Guid Lrning. Butchr, sj 0 um licnç u n frncid cm ilustrd sguint sit: mns.r/licnss/by/3.0/. t Opn Eductinl Rsurcs Crtiv Cmmns Attributin pr dptr st trbih livrmnt, dsd qu citc bix. Pr (OER), UNESCO nd vr um cópi th Cmmnwlth dst f Trduzid pr Esthr Msrir, UCM, Bir, Mzmbiqu Rvisd pr Mri Albrtin Brbit 1

2 Indic 1. 0 qu s Rcurss Educcinis Abrts(OER) 2. Os OER s msm qu -Irning Os OER s msm qu prndizgm brt / ducç brt Os OER s rlcinds cncit d prndizgm bsd m rcurss? 4 5. At qu pnt brtur urn Iicnc brt? 5 6. Qu! difrnç ntr 05 OER pub!icc d css brt? 6 7. N s dvri prcupr m dr minh prpridd intlctul? 6 8. Qum vi grntir qulidd ds OER Cm ducc pd prvitr Os OER? Os OER s r!mnt!ivrs? 10 ii. us ds OER impd us d cntüd cmrcip Qu mudncs d piltic sä ncssáris pr qu s instituicôs utilizm s OER d frm mis ficz? Quis s s mihrs mnirs d s cnstruirm cpcidds ns OER Ond pss ncntrr s OER Cm 05SO cmprtilhr s mus OER crn s utrs 16. At qu pnt u pss mudr s OER pr s minhs própris finlidds

3 1. 0 qu sã Rcurss Educcinis Abrts (OER)? N su frm mis simpls, cncit d Rcurss Educcinis Abrts (OER) dscrv tds s rcurss duccinis (incluind mps curricul, mtrils didáctics, livrs, vids, plicçôs niultimdi, qusqur utrs mtrils qu frm prjtds pr us n nsin prndizgm ) qu s, brtmnt, dispnivis pr us ds ducdrs studnts, sm ncssidd d cmpnhmnt pr pgr ryltis u txs d Iicnc. O trm OER m grnd prt sinónim d utr trm: Opn Curswr (OCW), mbr st tltirn pss sr usd pr s rfrir um subcnjunt spcific, mis struturd OER. Urn Opn Curswr dfinid pl Cnsórci OCW cm um pubiicç grtuit brt, digitl d lt qulidd d nivl univrsitári crn mtrils ductivs. Ests mtrils s rgnizds cm curss, muits vzs inclurn mtrils d plnmnt frrmnts d vlic, brn crn cntüd tmátic. OER mrgiu cm urn cncit cm grnd ptncil pr plr trnsfrmç duccinl. Enqunt su vlr ductiv rsid n idi d usr rcurss cm um mtd intgrl d cmunicc d curricul m curss d ducç (prndizgm bsd m rcurss), su pdr d trnsfrmc stá n fcilidd crn qu tis rcurss, qund digitlizds, pdm sr cmprtllhds trvs d Intrnt. 0 lrnprtnt, qu h pns um chv difrncidr ntr urn OER qulqur utr rcurs duccinl: su licnc. Assim, urn OER, simplsmnt, urn rcurs duccinl qu incrpr um Iicnc, qu fcilit su rutilizçã ; ptncilmnt, dptc, srn prmiss, slicitnd prirnir dtntr d cpyright 2. Os OER sã msm qu c-lrning? Os OER n s sinónim d prndizgm n-lin u -lrning, mbr muits psss cmtm rr d usr s trms cm sinónims. Os cntüds, brtmnt, licncids pdm sr prduzids m qulqur ml: ppr-bsd txt, vid, multimdi d udi u bsd m cmputdr. Urn mnt d curss -lrning pdm prvitr s OER, ms iss nà signific qu s OER sä, ncssrimnt, d -lrning. D fct, muits rcurss brts s prduzids tulmnt, nqunt cmprtilhávis num frmt digitl, tmbm sä xprimivis. Dd lrgur d bnd cnctividd crn dsfis cmuns m lguns plss d dsnvlvimnt, sprd qu hj urn prcntul lvd d rcurss d rlvânci pr nsin suprir nsts piss, snd cmprtllhds cm rcurss d irnprss, invs d srm prjtds pr us m -lrning. 3 Os OER sã msm qu prndizgm brt / ducçã brt? Embr us ds OER pss plr prndizgm brt / ducc brt, s dis nâ s s msms. Fznd ducc brt u prndizgrn brt um priridd trn impliccös rnuit mirs d qu pns crnprmtnd-s librr s rcurss crn brir u usnd s OER m prgrms duccinis. El xig urn nális sistrnátic d: vliç crditc d sistms, suprt studnt, struturs curriculrs, mcnisrns d rcnhcimnt d prndizgrn prvi, ssim pr dint, firn d s dtrminr rndid m qu s umnt u s impd brtur. I 3

4 A prndizgm brt urn brdgm pr ducç qu vis liminr tds s brrirs dsncssáris prndizgm, msm tmp crn bjtiv d prprcinr s studnts um chnc rzávl d sucss num sistm d ducc frmç cntrd ns sus ncssidds spcifics lclizds m mi.ltipts rs d prndizgm. El incrpr vris principis fundmntls: Oprtunidd d prndr dv srprmnnt dv brngrtnt ducc cm frmc; 0 prcss d prndizgm dv cntrr-s sbr s luns, cnstruir su xpriênci incntivr pnsmnt indpndnt critic; A frt d prndizgm dv srflxivl pr qu s luns pssm scihr cd vz mis, nd, qund, quê cm prndm, brn cm ritm m qu ls v prndr; Ants d prndizgm, xpriênci ntrir cmptêncis dmnstrds, sts dvm sr rcnhcids pr qu s luns n sjm, dsncssrimnt, impdids d prtunidds duccinis pr flt d qu lificcôs dquds; Os luns dvm sr cpzs d cumulr crdits d difrnts cntxts d prndizgm; Os prvdrs dvm crir s cndiçös pr um b chnc d sucss d lun. (Sid, n.d.) Cm ilustr st list, nqunt us ficz ds OER pdrim dr xprss prátic principis, s dis trms s distints n su td n su significd. lguns dsss 4. Os OER sã rlcinds cncit d prndizgm bsd m rcurss? Huv ênfs significtiv ns discussös OER sbr qulidd d 0ER. Iss fz crn qu cncit d prndizgm sj bsd m rcurss d intrss prticulr. Apsr diss, dbts sbr 0ER fizrm, tipicmnt, puc rfrnd cncit d prndizgm bsd m rcurss t rcntmnt. Iss pd sr prqu ênfs n mlri ds discussös glbis d OER trn sid n prtllh licncimnt ds mtrils xistnts, um prprc significtiv ds qu inclum nts d ul, simplsmnt, cmprtilhds prsntcös PwrPint utilizds, ns plstrs cr--cr. O qu qu nç d prndizgrn bsd m rcurss signific, n su ssênci? Signific fstr-s d nc trdicinl d prfssr flnd pr s cmunicr n curricul; um prprc significtiv, ms vrind d cmunicç ntr luns ducdrs, nä fc fc, ms crr pr mi d us d difrnts midis, s ncssâri. 0 Imprtnt, cntt fc--fc qu crr tipicmnt, n nvlv simpls trnsmiss d cnhcimnts prtir d ducdr pr lun; st pr su vz nvlv váris frms d pi studnt, pr xmpl: tutrils, discussös m grup d prs u trbihs prátics. A prndizgm bsd m rcurss nà sinônim d ducc distânci. Pl cntrári, prndizgm bsd m rcurss frnc um bs pr trnsfrmr cultur d nsin m tds s sistms duccinis, pr qu sss sistms pssm frcr duccä d mihr qulidd urn nümr, significtivmnt, mir d studnts. Muits curss prgrms m tds s nivis d ducç, gr, incrprm us xtnsiv d rcurss, instrucinlmnt prjtds, cm ducdrs qu prndrm s limitcös ds plstrs, bsds m strtgis d cmunicc d infrmçôs pr s luns. 0 us d prndizgm bsd m rcurss n implic, nturlmnt, tds s mihris n qulidd intrinsc d xpriênci d prndizgrn. A mdid qu h mudnc d cmunicc d curricul, pssnd-s pr s rcurss prjtds, instrucinlmnt mlhr-s qulidd d ducc. A qulidd d duccä dpnd intirmnt d qulidd ds rcurss dsnvlvids. 4

5 Pr rsumir: N h rlç dirt ntr DER rcurss bsds m prndizgm. Muits OER dispnivis n Intrnt nä frm xplicitmnt cncbids cm prt d um strtgi dlibrd d mudnc pr rcurss bsds m prndizgm. D msm frm, n miri, hbit d rcurss bsds m prndizgm, tulrnnt utiliz mtrils ttlmnt prtgids invs ds OER. N ntnt, lignd s QER rcurss bsds m prndizgm prprcin-s um prtunidd pr lcncr mbs ntr si. 5. At qu pnt brtur um licnç brt? Urn qulvc cmum qu brtmnt licncids cntüd prtnc dmini pithlic, utr dsist d tds s sus dirits ss mtril. Ist n ssim. N vrdd, surgimnt d licncs brts têm sid impulsinds frtmnt pl dsj d prtgr s dirits d urn titulr m mbints nd cntüd (prticulrmnt qund digitlizd) pd sr fcilmnt cpid cmprtilhd trvs d Intrnt sm pdir prmiss Urn mpl spctr d struturs lgis stá mrgind pr gvrnr cm OER s licncids pr su us. Alguns ds qudrs juridics simplsmnt prmitm cópi, ms utrs prvêm qu s usuáris s dptrn s rcurss qu ls usm. 0 mis cnhcid dls qudr d licncimnt Crtiv Cmmns (vr m : Est frnc mcnisms lgis pr grntir qu s utrs d mtrils pssm rtr rcnhcimnt pl su trbih, prmitind qu st sj cmprtlihd, pss prcurr rstringir tividd cmrcil, s 0 dsjrm, pd pntr pr impdir s psss d dptá-i s fr cs. Assim, urn utr qu plic um Iicnc Crtiv Cmmns (CC) n su trbih prcur spcificmnt s dirits n trbih, cncrd - trvs d licnc - dr d prsnt lguns dsss dirits. Urn puc sbr Crtiv Cmmns (CC): A brdgm CC frnc fcilidds ns licncs brts d mtrils digitis ssim vit rstriçös d dirits d utr plicds utrnticmnt. Ns licnçs CC n cnt d lis d dirits d utr m difrnts piss u jurisdiçös srvm tmbm pr prmitirm difrnts vrsös linguistics. Pr trnr prcss d licncimnt mis simpls pssivl pr s usuáris, sit Crtiv Cmmns fz us d um grdr d licnç, qu sugr Iicnc mis prprid tnd cm bs rspsts d urn usuári pr prgunts spcifics sbr cm su trblh pdrá sr usd. Tds s licncs CC inclum dirits básics qu s rtids pls utrs, firmnd-s ssim su dirit d utr sbr dirits d utr cncss d librdds d dirits d utr. Dntr dst qudr, s licncs CC prmitm s utrs, d um frrn rnigávl, qu utrs psss tnhm dirit d fzr cópis ds sus trbihs, s dsjrm, prmit qu utrs psss fcm s dvids ltrcös su trblh sm pdirm prmiss. As Iicnçs CC tmbm prmitm s usuáris plicrm lgums rstricôs sbr sss prmissös, pr xmpl: xigind tribuic d utri d br riginl, u rstringir rutiiizç d rcurs pr fins cmrciis. Cnsult Apêndic Urn pr urn vis crnplt ds licncs Crtiv Cmmns. 5

6 6. Qul difrnç ntr s OER publicçã d css brt? A publiccâ d css brt urn cncit imprtnt, qu clrmnt rlcind crn - ms distints css brt, trm plicd muits cnits, ms grlmnt s rfr tnt : OER.Wikipdi nt qu css brt (dic), u css mtril (principlmnt, publiccös cdmics) trvs d Intrnt d tl frm qu mtril livr pr qu tds pssm lr utilizr (u rutilizr) m grus difrnts, u rvist d css püblic, jrnis qu d css brt tds u um prt cnsidrávl ds sus rtigs 2 Publiccä d css brt nrmlmnt rfrid publicçôs d psquis d lgum tip librd sb um licnc brt. Os OER rfrm-s mtril didáctic librd sb ss Iicnc. Clrmnt, spcilmnt n nsin suprir, h um sbrpsic, cm publicçös d psquis, qu grlmnt frmm um prt imprtnt dum cnjunt grl d rntriis, qu s luns prcism d tr css pr cmpltrm s sus studs crn sucss, sbrtud nivl d pós-grduc. N ntnt, distinc prc vlr pn sr plicd, prqu prmit um discussâ mis mtrilizd plnd sbr quls s tips d licncs brts, qul sri mis prprid pr s difrnts tips d rcurss. 7. Nã s dvri prcupr m dr minh prpridd intlctul? Um ds principis prcupcös pr ducdrs grnts snirs d instituicös d nsin sbr cncit ds OER rfrm-s dr prpridd intlctul, crn prd d ptncil d gnhs cmrciis qu pssm vir prtir dl. Iss muits vzs cmbind crn um nsidd rlcind crn s utrs qu v tirr vntgm injust d su prpridd intlctul, bnficind-s dl vndê-l, plgind- (u sj, pssá-i pr fr cm s fss su própri trblh), u xplr-l. Ests prcupcôs s cmpltmnt cmprnsivis. Em lguns css, clr, qund s ducdrs lvntrn st prcupc, qu n vrdd scnd urn nsidd difrnt - u sj, qu prtilh s sus mtriis ductivs brir-s -á su trblh scrutini d sus prs (nd s sus clgs pdm cnsidrr su trblh cm snd d m qulidd ). Ou n prcupc justificd, imprtnt pr dtrminr qu vrddirmnt, dirigind s prcupcôs ds ducdrs. Qund prcupc prd d prtunidds cmrcils, xig-s urn rspst spcil ( nvlvs crn s incntivs pr prtilh). Ms, qu nd st stá mscrnd um prcupc crn prs scrutini lun, iss prcis d sr trtd durn frrn difrnt (, nrmlrnnt, nvlv-s lgurn piltic u unidd d gstä pr suprr rsistênci mudnc). Crn s instituicös mis rdr d mund st, m difrnts nivis, xigind qu s sus ducdrs pr cmprtilhrrn mtrils sb licnçs brts, s xpriêncis dmnstrrn, clrmnt, qu st brtur d prpridd intlctul scrutini d prs stá tnd urn fit d mihrr qulidd d nsin prndizgm ds mtrils. Iss cntc prqu s ducdrs tndrn invstir tmp pr mlhrrm s sus mtrils nts d s cmprtllhrm brtmnt,, prqu fdbck qu rcbrn d scrutini pls prs luns judm mlhrá-l ind mis. 2 htt://n.wikipdirg/wiki/opn ccss. 6

7 pr Enqunt qu um pqun prcntgm d mtril didáctic pd - vi cntinur - grr rcits trvs d vnds dirts, pis n rlidd urn prcntul d nsin mtriis d prndizgm trn tid vlr d rvnd cmrcil minim, tmbm stá diminuir ind mis mtril duccinl qu fit livrmnt cssivl, n intrnt. Grnd prt d cntüd qu fi prvimnt vndid vi prdr su vlr cnómic, nqunt qu s nichs pr vnd d cntüds ductivs gnrics, prvvlmnt s vi s trnr mis spcilizd. N ntnt, s urn rcurs rlmnt trn ptncil pr sr xplrd pr fins cmrciis pr ml d vnd d rcurs, nt dv sr pssivl - incntivd - urn ducdr (u um instituic) pr rtr tds s dirits d utr rsrvds sbr ss rcurs. Dirits d Prpridd lntlctul (IPR) s plitics d dirits d utr pr ducc prcis d sr flxivl suficint pr prmitir, qu ducdr / u instituiç pss rtr tds s sus dirits d utr rsrvds pr rcurss, qu tnhm st vlr ptncil cmrcil. E cd vz rnis vidnt qu, n nsin prndizgm ld ld, s instituiçôs duccinis qu s sucdm prvvlmnt fzm, prdminntmnt, pr ntndrm qu su vlr rl d ptncil duccinl n rsid n cntüd m si (qu cd vz mis dispnivl m grnds vlums nlin), ms n su cpcidd d rintr s luns d frm ficz pr mi d rcurss duccinis vi cminhs d nsin prndizgm, frcnd pl ficz s luns (sj m sssös prátics, tutriis, sssös d cnslhmnt individul, u nlin), prprcinnd um vliçä intlignt fdbck critic pr s studnts durnt su dsmpnh ( qu cb tnd d lgum frm crditc). Embr pss prcr cntr-intuitiv, prtnt, cm mdls d ngócis s ltrds pl prsnc ds ICT s instituiçös, ms utrs fzm us ds sus mtrils, ms iss vi srvir pr cnstruir rputc institucinl, ssim, trir nvs luns. Dint diss, imprtnt pr s dtntrs d dirits d utr d mtriis ductivs cnsidrm, cuiddsmnt, s bnficis cmrciis, qu pssm ncntrr cmprtilhr s sus mtriis brtrnnt. E clr, qu s principls bnficis ds OER n prvitmnt dv sr ductiv (vr Cm ducc pd bnficir ds OER? Abix), rns qust d cmprtiihmnt d cntüd brtmnt, tmbm pd sr cnsidrd um strtgi pr s prtgr cmrcilmnt. Os sguints bnficis pdm dvir d cmprtilhmnt d cntüd sb um licnç brt: Cm cntüd digitlizd pd sr fcilmnt cmprtllhd ntr luns instituiçös, cmprtilhá-l publicrnnt sb um licnç brt frm mis sgur d prtgr s dirits d prpridd intlctul d utr ds dirits d utr, licnç pd grntir qu, qund cntüd cmprtilhd, l cntinu snd tribuid riginl utr. A prtilh brt d cntüd pd mis rpidmnt xpr plági, fznd cm qu s mtrils riginls sjm d fácil css. Alm diss, librnd s mtrils sb um licnç brt, st trnbrn rduz incntiv pr qu s utrs n mintm sbr rigm ds mtris, já qu ls trn prmiss pr s usr. Q cmprtilhmnt d mtriis frnc s instituicös prtunidds pr cmrcilizrm s sus srvics. As instituiçôs duccinis qu s sucdm, cnmicmnt, num mbint nd cntüd fi digitlizd cd vz mis fácil su css n-lin, snd prpnss fz-b, prqu cmprns d su vlr rl ptncil duccinl n rsid n cntüd m si, ms n frt ds srviçs rlcinds vbrizds pls sus luns. Ests pdrn incluir: rintr luns ftivmnt trvs d rcurss duccinis (vi bm cncbid nsin prcurss d prndizgm), frcnd pi studnt ftiv (cm sssôs prátics, tutrils, sssös d cnslhrnnt individul u nlin), n prcss d vlic intlignt fdbck critic s 7

8 válid, pr luns sbr su dsmpnh ( qu cb lvnd d lgum frm crditç). Dntr dst mbint, lgums instituiçôs juntmnt crn rnis utrs fzm us ds sus mtrils, ms iss vi srvir pr rnrcd d srvics d instituicä d rigm, ssim, trirm nvs uns. Pr s ducdrs individuls, dqud incntivs cmrcils pr crnprtilhrnnt d cntüds, brtmnt, h mis prbbilidd d flux qund s instituicös qu trn plitics pr rcmpnsrm tl tividd crrtmnt. At gr, muits piltics institucinis ncinis qudrs rçmntis tndrn, n pir ds hipótss, pnlizrm clbrc prtlih brt d cnhcimnts (trvs d rmcä d pssivis fluxs d rnd qund cnhcimnt cmprtllhd brtmnt) u, n mlhr ds hipótss ignrá-l (cm tnts muits univrsidds fzm pl publicc d psquis grtificnt sbr utrs tividds). Assim, pr mlri ds ducdrs, s incntivs ncntrm-s rnudr s plitics institucinis ncinis qudrs rcmntis pr qu hj rcmpns n clbrc n prtilh brt d cn hcimnts. Msm qu s plitics institucinis ncinis qudrs rcmntis nâ rcmpnsm clbrcä prtilh brt d cnhcimnts, ind xistm incntivs pr s ducdrs d prtilhr ds sus rcurss, brtmnt. Licnçs brts mximizm prbbilidd d cmprtilhmnt d cntüd crrnd d frm trnsprnt qu prtjm s dirits mrls ds utrs d cntüd. Alm diss, s psss qu prcurm ring-fnc, prtgm scndm s sus cntüds d nsin psquis, prvvlmnt, clcnd limits ns sus crrirs duccinis. Els tmbm ir sr cd vz mis xcluids ds prtunidds pr mihrrm su prátic d nsin prndizgm d cnhcimnts spcifics d cmprtiihmnt clbrç crn s rds crscnts d ducdrs d td mund. Aquls qu cmprtiihm mtrils, brtmnt, já trn prtunidds significtivs pr cnstruirm s sus rputcös individuls trvs dsts viculs nlin (mbr, clr, n mdid m qu ls cnsgm iss v prmncr dpndnts d qulidd, qu ls st cmprtlihnd). 8. Qum vi grntir qulidd ds OER? Est qust, pssivlmnt, rflx dum nc, prfundmnt, nrizd d mtrils ductivs cm snd publicçôs, cuj qulidd cntrld pls ditrs duccinis. Est nc trn sid - cntinu - ms rfit um cmprns prcil n âmbit d divrsidd d mtrils pdgógics utilizds, n nsin m muits cntxts d prndizgm. Rflt tmbm um fls digc d rspnsbilidds pl qulidd d trcirs. Est mntlidd mud n spc CER, n frm d um supsic n dclrd, d qu um u mis gnds ddicds dvm ssumir ttl rspnsbilidd pr ssgurrm, qu s OES cmprtilhds m rpsitóris nlin s d lt qulidd. Alm dsts srm prticmnt impssivis, ist mscr rlidd d qu dfinic d qulidd subjtiv, cntxtulmnt, dpndnt. Em ltim nális, rspnsbilidd pl grnti d qulidd ds OER qu usd m rnbints d nsin prndizgm ir rsidir, n instituiç, n prgrm / curss crdndrs ducdrs, pss rspnsávl pl ntrg d ducc. Cm smpr, qund s prscrvrn livrs didátics, sclh d urn vid pr tl, u usnd lgum utr pss n pin d ul, sss gnts s s qu rtêrn rspnsbilidd finl pr sclh d tis mtrils - püblics / u prpritáris - s usrm. Assirn, qulidd ds OER dpndrá ds rcurss, qu ptrm pr s utilizr, cm ls s scihm pr dptá-ls pr trná-ls cntxtulmnt rlvnts, crn ls s intgrrn, ns tividds d nsin prndizgm d difrnts tips. 8

9 Est trf d ssgurr qulidd trn sid cmplicd pl xpls d cnttd dispnivl (rnbs brts prpritáris). Est um bênc, um vz qu rciuz prbbilidd d qu ncssitm pr dsnvlvrm nvs cntüds, urn rnldic, pis xigm cmptêncis d nivl suprir n busc d infrmçös, slcâ, dptc vlic. Cm instituiçôs d cmprtilhr n-lin cntüd mis duccinl, ls v qurr grntir qu st cntd rflit brn sbr instituic pss, ssim, invstir n mlhri d su qulidd nts d dispnibilizá-l m rpsitóris. N mbint OER, grnti d qulidd, ssim, srá ssistid pl dsnvlvimnt d tis rpsitóris, qu ir frncr, pl mns, s primirs nivis d grnti d qulidd. Ms sss invstimnts pr prt ds instituicôs v, simplsmnt srvir, lng d tmp, pr crirm mis prtunidds, ncntrnd mtriis d b utilizc. A rspnsbilidd primári pr ncntrr dirit d mtril usr, pr usr pir ficzmnt ducç, ind xistm instituicös ducdrs, qu frcm ducc. 9. Cm ducçã pd prvitr s OER? A rz mis imprtnt pr prvitmnt ds OER d qu s mtriis, brtmnt, licncids duccinis trn urn trmnd ptncil pr cntribuirm n mlhrmnt d qulidd ficáci d duccâ. Os dsfis d css crscnt, cmbinds crn xpns cntinu d infr-strutur d ICT m instituicös d nsin, indicm qu s stá trnnd cd vz rnis imprtnt piá-ls, d frm plnd dlibrd; pis, crn dsnvlvimnt mlhri d prgrrn curriculr, m curs prjt d curs, plnrnnt d sssôs d cntct crn s luns, dsnvlvirnnt d urn nsin d qulidd mtriis d prndizgm,, prjt d vliç ficz mlhrrrn rnbint d nsin d prndizgm, gst dst cust, trvs d mjr utilizç ds rcurss bsds n prndizgm. - tds s tividds s dstinds Dint dist, ptncil trnsfrrndr d ducc OER gir m trn d três pssibilidds Jigds: ptncil d trnsfrmcä duccinl d OER gir m trn d trs pssibilidds ligds: 1) 0 umnt d dispnibilidd d lt qulidd s mtrils d prndizgm rlvnts pdm cntribuir pr s luns mis prdutivs ducdrs. OER prqu rmv rstriçôs m trn ds rcurss d cópi, pd rduzir cust d css s rntriis ductivs. Em muits sistms, pgmnts d ryltis pr s livrs d txt utrs rntriis ductivs cnstitum urn prcl significtiv d cust ttl, nqunt qu s prcsss d quisic n prrnissã pr s usr mtril crn dirits d utr tmbm pdm sr muit drnrds crs. 2) 0 principl d prmitir dptcl d mtrils frnc um mcnism d ntr muits pr cnstrucà d ppls pr s studnts cm prticipnts ctivs ns prcsss ductivs, qu prndm mihr, fznd crind, n pl litur ms bsrvnd-, pssivmnt. As licnçs d cntüd, qu ncrjrn ctividd cric, pls luns, trvs d rutilizc dptc d cntds pdm dr urn cntribuic significtiv pr cric d mbints mis ficzs d prndizgm. 3) Os QER trn um ptncil pr dsnvlvrm cpcidd d frncirnnt d instituiçös ducdrs cssnd, bix cust u nâ, s mis d prducà pr dsnvlvrm su crn ptênci, n prduçà d mtrils ductivs rlizçà d prjts d instrucâ ncssáris pr intgrç d tis mtriis m prgrms d lt qulidd d prndizgm. A brtur dlibrd, ssirn, rcnhc qu: Invstimnt m prjtr mbints duccinis ficzs criticmnt imprtnt pr um b ducc. 9

10 mscrm A chv pr sistrns prdutivs dsnvlvr cpitl intlctul cmum, m vz d duplicr sfrcs smihnts. S tud s mntivr cnstnt, clbrc ir mihrr qulidd. Cm duccâ um prátic cntxtulizd, imprtnt pr trnr mis fácil dptcâ d mtriis imprtds d difrnts cnfigurcôs, nd st ncssári; pis, ist dv sr incntivd n rstringid. 10. Os OER sã rlmnt Iivrs? A qustä d librdd d su dfinic trn sid, mplmnt, discutids dsd dvnt ds licncs brts, pssivlmnt d frm mis significtiv, n mbint grtuit d Opn Surc Sftwr. Opn Surc Fr Sftwr spcificm dfinicös d qutr tips d librdd: A ibrdd d xcutr prgrm, pr qulqur prpósit (librdd 0). A librdd d studr cm prgrrn funcin dptâ-l s sus ncssidds (librdd 1) A librdd d rdistribuir cópis pr qu vcê pss judr su próxim (librdd 2). A librdd d prficr prgrm, librr s sus prfiçmnts pr püblic, d md qu td cmunidd bnfici (librdd 3). 3 Cnsidrçôs srnihnts s plicm s cnsidrrm s licncs pr s OER. N ntnt, h um utr dimns spcific d librdd ds OER, qu mrc um discuss xplicit qu nc d cust. Muits prpnnts d OER dfndm qu urn ds principis bnficis d cntüd brt qu l isnt (ist, n cust nd pr dwnld - dixnd d ld s custs d lrgur d bnd, clr su utilizc). Ist, litrlmnt, vrdd: pr dfinic, cntüd brt pd sr cmprtilhd crn s utrs sm s pdir prrniss sm s pgr txs d licnç. N ntnt, s firrncôs simplists dizm qu s OER s livrs - duccinl - pr xtns, urn vz qu utilizç ds OER v crtr s custs d ntrg lgums cnsidrcs d cust imprtnts. As instituicös duccinis qu s sris sbr nsin prndizgrn tr d grntir, qu s sus gsts crn pssl utrs dspss rlcinds rfltm urn sfrc sustntávl pr s invstir n cric dum nsin mis ficz m mbints d prndizgm pr crn s sus luns. E, iss vi xigir urn invstirnnt, ntr utrs ciss, sguint: Dsnvlvr mlhrr s curriculs. 0 prgrm m curs prjt d curs. Plnrnnt d sssös d cntct crn s luns. Dsnvlvimnt quisic d urn nsin d qulidd m mtrils d prndizgm. Dsnh ficz ds tividds d vliç. Muits instituicôs d nsin ind n fzm tis invstimnts d frm plnd dlibrd, snd um prt ssncil d su func principl. Ent, cm qu iss s rlcin crn s OER? Crn s instituicôs duccinis trnm dcisôs strtgics pr umntrm s sus nivis d invstimnt n dsnh dsnvlvirnnt d mihrs prgrms ductivs, frm mis cnómic d fzr iss d brcr mbints d licncimnt brts prvitnd s DER xistnts. Tkn frm 10

11 Assim, umntr cmprmiss crn s OER implic urn ficiênci CER, cpitl OER dispnivis mjr invstimnt n nsin prdutividd dsss invstimnts, prprcinnd dsnvlvimnt d mihrs prgrms, curss brdgm rintd pl prcur s licncirnnt brt nä riquz crscnt ds nsin prndizgm. d librr brtmnt mtrils. nd própri dum instituicâ intlctul, mtivc pr mlhrr Ist inicil prndizgm, ms prmt imprtnt, ms qulidd nvs iss implic frms d um pr brçr mbints d pr trir d ms sim instituiçã própri d Snd pd um pl m fluir Alrn diss, n pr Urn urn óbvi l um ds sb urn licnc A mlri s s, iss, ms ds m s ns sus pis n-lin n mis d Cm d s vz mis, m s n ds OER s brn num vz mis s rntávl. cmcnd librd sbr n-lin, trind brdgm rintd prtir dl. utr vntgm cmprtilhr brt. prcur pd srjustificd qu, cm ntnt, ss brdgm prcntgm crscnt vidênci stá gr cmçnd intrss crscnt trz ptncils bnficis cmrciis, instituic n m subprdut, trms d mlhri d d lv s dsnvlvimnt nrmlmnt qulidd qu mtrils instituiçôs sus própris mtrlis ductivs nlin, instintivmnt, nrvss ds instituiçös surgir ns instituiçös, qu prtilhm luns mtriculrm prtilh d mtrlis Intrnt, msm tmp qu, prprcin s luns qulidd dsnvlvimnt st cnfind cd duccinis ns sus pcös, cd mis imprtnt xpriênci duccinl qu rcbm. imprtnt pr qu dsnvlvirnnt d mtriis. mtrils, dptnd pr um (Vr Apêndic Nv inclurn fins), dint. s OER custs sscids, tis prtlih instituicös. prvitmnt Os custs xistnts, lidnd list crn lrgur d bnd, rlizçâ d ds OER inclum crn ducdrs studnts psdmnt, brig pdm s trnr instituicös tmp ds psss licncimnt cmplt ds crnptêncis rlcinds infr-struturs ficins ICT (pr cric prgrms. umnt prtunidds pr mbs usr invstir s Est pr su vz, visibilidd invstig rm sus mtrils dum plss dsnvlvids Intrnt pr psquiss frrmnt d mrkting - m n curriculs ds ssim crn s OER). Os d, ssim pr dsnvlvimnt d dirits d utr d dsnvlvirnnt d cntd cmprtilhmnt curss, prgrms runiös, pr dint. custs tmbm cntiids N ntnt, sts custs trn func d invstirm ns ducç, indpndntmnt, sss invstimnts num bs cntinu; âmbit brdgrn cust-ftiv prndizgrn. N rnis prndizgm, gvrns instituicös duccinis sus mds primáris d ntrg, urn n OER. Tds s ds ist s d m Os OER. Iss func d invstirm invstimnt d prvitr mihri ls s sris sbr mtrils, dsnh crr prqu: d m h rnlhri d nsin tds s d s n um sctrs str fznd ncssidd qulidd d nsin dsnvlvimnt, n ntnt, d Elimin El s A Jng d d rmv qulidd duplicçã dsncssári d sfrcs pr cnstruir custs d ngcicä d dirits d utr tmp, pd nvlvr grnti. s cmunidds d qujá dpurc, prátic brt xist m n utrs lugrs; mihri cnstnt d us ds OER impd us d cntüd cmrcil? Embr pss dispnivis, ns d nsin rlidd sr dign, s m principl grtuitmnt, spirç fr urn dcisös tnt idlist d pr d d d xclus rnbints d prndizgm s suscptivis qu h muits mtriis d lt qulidd trnr tds s crnrcil d Tl dispnivis pr cntüd srrn indquds. nsin cntüds duccinis cnsidrç pstur cmpr n ignr pr qu, 11

12 dtrminds circunstâncis, su us pd sr mis cssivl d qu tnttivs pr prduzirm ss cntüd brtmnt. Assim, frm mis cust-ftiv pr dsnvlvr btr rcurss pr utilizçä n nsin prndizgm s d xpirrm tds s pcôs dispnivis, m vz d s xcluir lgum principi, mis dint. Os OER cntüd cmrcil pdm, ssim, sr usds junts m curss prgrms, mbr dsnvlvimnt d curs prcis d tr cuidd pr n crir cnflits d Ilcncimnt, intgrnd mtrils cm difrnts cndicôs d licncimnt prjtrm mtrils d nsin prndizgm. Prc, prtnt, um prátic qu vl pn, n ntnt, durnt prjt dsnvlvimnt ds curss prgrms duccinis, h qu cnsidrr tds s pssibilidds n dsnvlvimnt quisic d cntüds. Clr qu, cm cnsquênci d digitlizc ds cntüds d crscimnt d cntüd brtmnt dispnivis nlin, mdls d ngócis duccinis d publicç mudrä mistur d cntüd brt cntüd cmrcil cntinurá mudr. 12. Qu mudnçs d plitic sã ncssáris pr qu s instituös utilizm s OER d frm mis ficz? Pr s sr ficz sustntávl, s dcisôs institucinis pr prvitrm s OER, prvvlmnt, prcisr d sr cmpnhds d rvis ds plltics. H pl mns qutr principls qustös pliti cs: 1. Prstcâ n piltic d clrz m mtri d IPR s dirits d utr sbr brs crids durnt curs d trblh (u stud) cm sts pdm sr cmprtilhds usds pr utrs. 2. Dirtrizs d plitic d rcurss humns rspit d s u n h cric d crts tips d trbih (pr xmpl, rcurss d prndizgm) qu cnstitul um prt d dscric d trbih pr pssl,, quls s s impliccös pr dsnvlvimnt fins, gst d dsmpnh, rmunrc prmc. 3. Orintçäs d piltic d ICr n css us d sftwr prprid, hrdwr, suprt tcnic Intrnt, brn cm prvis pr cntrl d vrs bck-up d tds s sistms d rmznmnt d rcurss duccinis dum instituiç dsnvlvimnt d mtrils dirtrizs d piltic d grnti d qulidd pr grntirm slc dqud, dsnvlvimnt, grnti d qulidd Iibrç d dirits d utr d brs, qu pssm sr cmprtlihds. Um bm pnt d prtid pr cnsidrçä ds OER trm piltics clrs m vigr sbr dirits d prpridd intlctul dirits d utr. Um piltic clr sri, pr xmpl, clrmnt ly ut ds rspctivs dirits d instituic ds sus funcináris sub-mpritirs, brn cm luns (qu s pssrn trnr nvlvids n prcss, dirt u indirtmnt trvs d us d lguns mtrils d su tribuic, crn xmpls) m trms d cpitl intlctul. Cm prt dst prcss plitic, vl pn cnsidrr s mrits rltivs criç d plitics d dirits d utr flxivis, qu pliqurn, utmticrnnt, licncs brts pr cnttid mns qu hj rzös cnvincnts pr s mntrm tds s dirits d utr rsrvds, lng dsss mtrils. Simultnmnt, mbr sts plitics s dvm trnr mis fcis pr pssl s invcr d tds s dirits d utr rsrvds, nd tt s justifiqu. 12

13 A cnsqüênci lógic d s rcnsidrr piltic ds rcurss humns srâ dsnvlvimnt u tulizc d custl rcurss sistms d grncimnt d dsmpnh pr qu ls rcmpnsm pssl pr sguint: / Tmp gst n dsnvlvimnt ds rcurss duccinis. Aprvitr mtrils d utrs psss, qund s mis rntávl d qu prduç d utilizc d prndizgm bsd m rcurss d nd l mis ficz d qu srmôs. mtrlis prtir d zr. Cmprtllhmnt d su cpitl intlctul pr mi d rds d cnhcimnt glbl pr mlhrr s sus rcurss umntr tnt su prfil cm prfil ds sus instituicös. 13. Quls sã s mihrs mnirs d s cnstruirm cpcidds lbs OER? As cmptêncis ncssáris pr s instituicös d prvitrm s OER, ftivmnt, muits vrids. A list cmplt stá dispnivl n Apêndic Nv, ms is inclum sguint: s Atuç n dfs prrnç ds OER cm urn vlcul pr mihrr qulidd d nsin prndizgm n ducçâ. EstudsjurIdics rltivs licncimnt d cntid. Expriênci m dsnvlvimnt xplicr s mdls d ngócis, qu justifiqum s instituicôs, ducdrs individuls, utrs cridrs d cntüds ductivs (incluind ditrs) us d licncimnt brt. Prjt d curs d Prgrm, mtrils spclis pr dsnvlvimnt. Os cnhcimnts tcnics spcilizds. Expriênci m d rds cnsorcis d psss instituiçös trbihrm m cprç n nsin m váris prjts d mlhri d prndizgm. Mnitrmnt prici d vliç. Expriênci n cur cmprtilhmnt ns OER d frm ficz. Cmunicç hbilidds d psquis pr srm cpzs d cmprtllhrm infrmçös sbr s OER. gst / A cpcitçä dvrá tmbm incidir sbr s psss instituiçös ncssáris pr s prmitir us ficz ds OER. Ist nvlvri: Aumntr cnscintizçã sbr ptncil ds OER s rquisits pr su utilizç brn sucdid. Apir s dcisrs plitics dirignts d instituicôs d ntndrm s lrnnts-chv ncssáris pr crirm mbints d piltics d pl, dsnvlvimnt d mtrils, tcnlgi d us rlizrm psquiss. ldntificr s mlhrs prátics, xmpls d us ds OER fcilitr s visits institucinis, pr qu s prticipnts tnhm prtunidd s pr bsrvrm us ficz ds OER, n prátic, ms tmbm pr cmçrm dsnvlvr rds d pl cmunidds d prátic. n 13

14 14. Ond pss ncntrr s OER? O lcnc dispnibilidd ds OER stá smpr s xpndind. Smnlmnt, nvs rcurss st snd dicinds crp glbl ds rcurss. Urn prblm tul dss crscimnt qu n h nnhum list ünic brngnt d tds s OER (nm, dd rápid xpnsâ d cntüd nlin, xist smpr um prbbilidd d sr). Iss signific qu, pr s ncntrr s OER prprids, psquisdr trá d mprgr urn crt nümr d strtgis d busc: 1. Us urn rnáquin d busc spcilizd ns QER: Enqunt s máquins d busc spcilizds cm Ggl Bing s urn pnt grl d prtid pr s ncntrrm cntüds nlin, h tmbm lgums máquins d busc spcilizds, qu psquism spcificmnt pr s OER. As sus lists, n ntnt, s sltivs, tnd cm bs difrnts critris d psquis, pr iss s um b idl pr s tnt rm mis d um vz. Aqul stâ lgums ds mis ppulrs: Glbl Lrning Objcts Brkrd Exchng (GLOBE) Allinc: Flksmntic: DiscvrEd: Crtiv Cmmns Srch: Opn Curswr Cnsrtium: 2. Lcliz urn rpsitóri ds QER dqud: buscdrs dvm tmbm cssr s rpsitóris d REA imprtnts n busc ds OER. A miri s dum bs institucinl, nfcnd s mtrils librds pr ss rgnizç. Urn xrnpl fms Msschustts Institut f Tchnlgy Opn Curswr Rpsitry (MIT OCW). Alguns rpsitóris, cm PORTAL MdEd, trn urn fc dtrmind nst cs, fts mdics multimdi. Abix stä lguns ds rpsitóris ds OER mis significtivs (stnd dscrits ns Apêndics Cinc Sis): OpnLrn: MdEd PORTAL: (mdicl fcus). MIT OCW: Chin Opn Rsurcs fr Eductin (CORE): AgEcn Srch: (griculturl fcus). Tchr Eductin in sub-shrn Afric: (tchr ductin fcus). 3. Us sits d dirtóri ds QER: Existm muits sits qu trn urn rncnism d busc, cujs rsultds pntm pr utrs lcis n Intrnt, nd s rcurss crrspndm s critris d psquis. Els msms n gm num rpsitóri, ms idntificm s rcurss d qulidd rmzná-ls num bnc d dds d links d wb. As sus bss d dds, nrmlmnt, trn urn fc prticulr. N cs ds OER Afric, pr xmpl, ls dstcrn s rcurss d qulidd dsnvlvids n Afric. Aqui st pns lguns (ns Apêndics Cinc Sis): OER Cmmns: Cmmnwlth f Lrning: OER Afric: 14

15 15. Cm pss cmprtllhr s mus OER COil OS utrs? qu btrrn infrmcs sbr Assim lin Existm pr qu 1. Us crir s urn s rcurs utrs váris pçös n dsnvlvid s cssm. qu diz várls pcös), rspit um licnç lcl brt rcurs trá rpsitóri institucinl: Muits rgnizcös, sus própris clcös trná-ls dsnvlvdr trblh pr um instituic dss tip, sb s d uspicis dss instituic dministrdr 2. lcls. curricul Slcin urn d rpsitóri. rpsitóri brt: dvrn H d slccind sr rmznd nd sss rcurss pdrn dispnivis d rsidir dntr spcilmnt n-lin cm (vr Anx A num rsidir: s s OER u OCW. Sc s DER H xpcttiv srá qu su rpsitóri. pr s rpsitóri n univrsidds, st qu buscr scritr u dsnvlvids rintç váris rpsitóris d bs-vinds ns cntribuics d váris JORUM( pr xmpl, rcb submissôs qu suprtm britânic m nivis d ducç cmplmntr suprir. Os OER Cmmns pssum fcilidd ( prmitirm qu usuáris cntribum mtrils. Grlmnt, ftur lgin s nts d nvir prmit srm ctlgds rpsitóris brts rcurs. tiqutds. xigm Els xigm Ist um d tmbm pss qu prsnt infrmçös sbr rcurs d d rvisä pr ncssári pr prmitirm fcilidds ncntrr. 0 rcurs prsntd srá xrnind pr qulidd,nts d srm dicinds 3. Cnstru s QER dsnvlvimnt ds cm xmpl prndizgm publicm-ns mtd n-lin quisic dum n lg similr clbrtiv nlin. 4. Explrm publicc Tmbm bnc d dds : pssivl OER n sus mbints nlin. licnc Crtiv Cmmns cnstruir urn Els quip d rpsitóri. um crn Ihs rgistrr rcurs qu busc pr grntir rcurs pdm nt utmtizr prcsss tis rcurs dds. dsnvlvr móduls d cnt, dsnvlvm mtrils dicinr Cnnxins ( qu prmit quips su sit. Usuáris brm um n-lin. Alguns pr s bnc sits incntivm d nlin, qu qu ls stjm stisfits. WikiEductr ( pr prmitir qu s rds sciis. 0 mund ds rds ds OER nlin. Urn sit crn ducdrs dsnvlvm scils briu nvs Flickr ( licncs digitl. Rds cm tmbm publiqum mtril ftgráfic msm pr mtrils d vid ( prmit Fcbk pdm sr usds pr difundirrn cmprtllhnd s links. s Urn d dpis us urn mtrils d nsin d frm prmit qu pssibilidds pr s Crtiv Cmmns, nqunt qu cm cnhcirnnt ds mtrils clcds sus usuáris YuTub n Twittr Intrnt, 16. At qu pnt u pss mudr Os OER pr s minhs prpris finlidds? N mlri urn s Obrs Drivds fz), crn cm. Est ds css, ncssidds cntxtuis rstring usd usuári trn m qu dptc (cm, pr xmpl, qu dirit n s um licnc Iicnc pssrn utrs n nrm cpcidd pr prmit su dptc. Crtiv Cmmns ltrr rsrvd muits vzs rcurs ns OER. s OER pr S, n licnc crn um Nâ d lgum Trn dptr s ntnt, rstric frm. tndr qu sr 15

16 A grnd miri ds OER s publicds ns bs-vinds s usuáris pr s dptrm rcurs riginl. As mnirs crnuns m qu s OER pdrn sr ltrds s s sguints: Mistur: Um sri d OER s misturds cntüd dicinl dicind pr crir urn rcurs ttlmnt nv. Iss cmurn, qund s dsnhdrs d curs ncssitrn d dsnvlvr mtriis rcurss pr cmbinrm crn urn curricul lcl u prgrrn. Urn prcupc crnurn qu rr ncntrr s OER xistnts, qu s ncixm prfitmnt crn stá. Adptçä: Iss crr qund urn ds OER usd mültipls dptcös s dsnvlvids pr tndrrn mültipls cntxts. Pd sr qu lingu sj trduzid pr utrs, ms grlrnnt dptc xig studs d cs lcl / xmpls srm dicinds pr fzrm mtril rlvnt pr s luns nurn cntxt prticulr. Extrcä d bns: Trnbrn pssivl xtrir pns lguns ds bns d urn rcurs u curs utilizá ls num cntxt cmpltmnt difrnt. Ist, spcilmnt, vrddir m lmnts d midi, cm: fts, ilustrcös gráfics, ssim cm s dsnvlvdrs muits vzs ng trn s hbilidds u rcurss pr dsnvlvrrn s sus própris vrsôs, crnummnt usnd rcurss visuis. Em rnuits spcts, fct d qu s mudncs pdm sr fits pr riginl qu fz crn qu s OER - m crnprc crn utrs frms d mtriis crn dirits d utr spcilmnt, ütis pr s dsnvlvdrs d prgrm. 16