WATER INFRASTRUCTURE AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN SEMI- ARID BRAZIL

Transcrição

1 WATER INFRASTRUCTURE AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN SEMI- ARID BRAZIL B.P.F. Braga Director Agência Nacional de Águas World Water Week Washington, DC Mar 1-5,

2 BRAZIL Federative Republic 26 States 01 Federal District Municipalities (*) 5 Regions -North -NE -SE - Center West - South (*) CENSUS IBGE

3 Brazil North: water resources concentrated in the Amazon Basin 68 % US$ billion 23% Water Supply 77% Wastewater Northeast: poorest and driest 3% South-Southeast: Southeast: urban and industrial pollution 13% Mid West: the new agricultural frontier 16%

4 EVOLUTION OF THE INSTALLED CAPACITY IN THE INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL SYSTEM - Reference Scenario IMPORT FAE TERMO HIDRO

5

6 WATER RESOURCES SECTOR REFORM

7 FEDERAL CONSTITUTION Amended in 1988 Art 21. The Union shall:... XIX implement a National Water Resources Management System and define criteria for authorization of water use

8 Legal Instruments Law 9.433/1997 WATER LAW Establishes the National Water Resource Policy, the National Water Resources Management System and provides regulation for Paragraph XIX, Article 21, of the Federal Constitution Law 9.984/2000 ANA S LAW Establishes the National Water Agency (ANA), an independent federal entity to implement the National Water Resources Management System and to regulate the use of water in federal rivers

9 REGULATORY EXECUTIVE Nat nl. Water Res. Management System (SINGRH) AUTHORIZE ARBITRATE CONTROL MISSION RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT WATER USE IN FEDERAL RIVERS CONFLICT AMONG USERS WATER USE IN FEDERAL RIVERS

10 Inst. Level National Water Resources System - SNGRH Council Govern Authority Water Board Technical Office National C.N.R.H M.M.A ANA S.R.H State C.E.R.H State Government State Authority Basin Basin Committee Basin Agency

11 The Brazilian Semi-Arid region encompasses 86% of the territory of the NE States, the northern part of Minas Gerais (11%) and Espírito Santo (2,5%) with a total area of Km 2. Average annual rainfall is 750mm to as low as 400 mm in some localities; Estimated annual potential evapotranspiration is 2,500mm.

12 ANTECEDENT CONDITIONS CONCEPT: : centered on emergency and focusing on drought combat ; INSTRUMENTS: : work forces, food and water stamps + water infrastructure without management; PROBLEMS: : local politics interference, maintenance of high deficits, no preparedness for the next drought and high public investments

13 PROÁGUA - Objective Provide sustainable water supply to the semiarid NE region of Brazil Concept Competitive and decentralized program among semi-arid States Combination of water infrastructure and institutional development

14 PROÁGUA - Implementation Steering Committee - Ministry of Environment ANA and Ministry of National Integration (infrastructure development) Annual action program submitted by States is approved by Steering Committee Feasibility analysis of Infrastructure (pipelines, canals, dams and reservoirs) based on detailed consideration of technical, economic and environmental dimensions

15 Pipelines in Rio Grande do Norte

16 REACHING OUT THE DISPERSE RURAL POPULATION

17 RURAL HOMES DO NOT HAVE ADEQUATE WATER SUPPLY Displacement and time spent in obtaining water WATER SOURCES 3 km average (women and children) 1 HOUR / DAY

18 RAIN WATER HARVESTING

19 RAIN HARVESTING The rural cistern is a concrete tank used for storing rain water from house roofs Average roof area for collection = 40 m 2 Average rainfall = 400 mm / year Average radius of the cistern = 2.40 m Average height = 1.30 m Average yearly storage = 16 m 3 Average demand : - person = 9 liters / day = 3.24 m 3 / year - family = 45 liters / day = 16.2 m 3 / year

20 SIMPLIFIED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

21

22 DESALINATION

23 TECHNOLOGY AND COSTS Reverse osmosis is used in the desalination process. Application for TDS in water from to ppm; WHO considers potable water when TDS < 500 ppm; Cost of treated water varies from US$ 0.20 a US$ 1.30.

24 DESALINATION EFFLUENT TREATMENT 1- EVAPORATION TANKS: water evaporates and the resulting salts an be used for human and animal consumption as well as for production of chlorine acid and caustic soda; 2- FISH FARMING, like the rose tilapia and te marine shrimp; 3- ATRIPLEX FARMING, a herbaceous that takes salts from the soil and servers as cattle food.

25 UNDERGROUND DAMS

26

27 PROAGUA World Bank loan BR 4310 US$ Component Million Water resources management and 53.1 institutional development Engineering projects 41.6 Integrated water management in the 8.6 São Francisco River Basin Water Infrastructure Development Project Monitoring 14.7 TOTAL 330.0

28 PROÁGUA INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT Amount: : US$ 212 million Population: 5.6 million Pipelines : 2,219 km Civil Works finished (15) Amount: : US$ 45 million Population: 939 million Pipelines: 706 km Civil works in procurement (15) Amount: : US$ 95 million Population: million Pipelines: 385 km Ongoing civil works (13) Amount: : US$ 72 million Population: million Pipelines : 1,128 km

29 Aracoiaba/Baturité system Treated Water Pumping Station Chaval/Barroquinha pipeline

30 Cariri PB System water treatment plant Water Fountain for disperse population water supply

31 PROAGUA Water Resources Management Component State Water Management Institutions implemented (Ceará, Bahia, RN) ; Water Laws developed in all states; State Water Resources Plans developed in all States; Training of Technical Staff; Hydrologic Monitoring systems improved; Water permit systems and water charges implemented.

32 INFANT MORTALITY NE 77,82 74,3 71,15 68,37 65,92 63,8 61,96 60,39 58,3 53,5 CE 73,57 69,93 66,79 64,14 61,91 60,06 58,54 57,28 55,43 53,3 RN 77,85 73,57 70,1 67,33 65,15 63,45 62,14 61,14 60,4 49,7 Anos NE CE RN

33 CONCLUSIONS Socio-economic development of the NE region of Brazil requires both: water resources infrastructure development and local government involvement Policies should take into consideration the specificity of supplying water to medium and large human settlements and to the rural disperse population

34 CONCLUSIONS Strengthening of the State water resources institutions is a basic requirement for the sustainability of the water infrastructure Success of PROAGUA suggests that the methodology could be pursued in other regions with similar climatic and social characteristics

35 GRACIAS TAK GRAZIE MUITO OBRIGADO SIYABONGA MERCI THANKS

36 São Francisco Interbasin Water Transfer Project

37 US$ mi mi Apodi (RN) Jaguribe (CE) 4,5/20 m³/s 7,5/40 m³/s IV RN SÃO FRANCISCO PROJECT INVESTMENTS III 103 UHE s + EB s (futura) 300 Q = 37/80 m³/s 107 CE I VI 10 m³/s Brígida m³/s 5 m³/s Ávidos (PB) Atalho (CE) 362 EIXO NORTE Q = 47/90 m³/s H bl = 180 -> 65 m 380 PB Piranhas 12/50 m³/s Transposição V-B Paraíba 5 m³/s US$ 510 mi +225 mi C.Grande 130 PB 173 S.Francisco 100 Agreste S.Negra P. Cruz V-A PE 237 8,3 m³/s Rio São Francisco EIXO LESTE Q = 18,3/25 m³/s H b = 300 m - PB e 500 m - PE PE Gravatá 5 m³/s

38 Eixo Leste (PE/PB) Xingó Canal Xingó Canal do Sertão (AL) SERGIPE Eixo Norte (CE/PB/RN) Itaparica BAHIA Rio Vaza Barris Rio Itapecuru Rio Jacuipe Eixo Oeste (PI) Canal do Sertão/PE Rio São Francisco Sobradinho Eixo Sul (BA/SE) The Many Possibilities For Interbasin Transfer

39 Eixo Leste (PE/PB) Xingó Canal Xingó Canal do Sertão (AL) SERGIPE Eixo Norte (CE/PB/RN) Itaparica BAHIA Rio Vaza Barris Rio Itapecuru Rio Jacuipe Eixo Oeste (PI) Canal do Sertão/PE R$ MILHÕES Rio São Francisco R$ MILHÕES Sobradinho Eixo Sul (BA/SE) R$ MILHÕES Eixos de Integração Hídrica do Nordeste R$ MILHÕES R$ MILHÕES R$ 970 MILHÕES R$ MILHÕES

40 (CE: 8m 3 /s pelo rio dos Porcos) (PE/PB 10m 3 /s ) US$ 362 mi R$ MILHÕES US$ 510 mi R$ 1480 MILHÕES

41 Orós Castanhão Rio Jaguaribe INVESTIMENTOS NA TRANSPOSIÇÃO FASE 1 Rio Jaguaribe Rio Salgado EIXO NORTE com um ramal de bombeamento Q = 8 m³/s Q = 8 m³/s CE Riacho dos Porcos Atalho (CE) US$ 362 mi R$ 1050 mi 362 CANAL RIO Rio São Francisco Q = 99 m³/s H bl = 180 m

42 INVESTIMENTOS NA TRANSPOSIÇÃO FASE 1 EIXO LESTE 18,3 m³/s 3 m³/s C.Grande 95 PB US$ 510 mi R$ 1479 mi 5 m³/s Paraíba 130 PE PE S.Negra m³/s P. Cruz Agreste 8,3 m³/s Gravatá US$ 225 mi R$ 653 mi Rio São Francisco Q = 25 m³/s H b = 300 m - PB e 500 m - PE CANAL ADUTORA RIO