Phylogeography of anurans widespread in the Brazilian Atlantic forests. João Alexandrino

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1 Phylogeography of anurans widespread in the Brazilian Atlantic forests João Alexandrino

2 Obrigado! Maria Carol Célio Vanessa João Lab. do Célio! Felipe Lingnau Cyntia Pardal Leo Malagolli Luís Giasson Mirco Sole Egito Miguel Trefault Rodriques Juliana Pombal Jr. Olívia e outros

Paulo Soares Cortes MSc João GiovanelliUNESP- Tuliana Brunes, PhD Maria

3 THANK YOU ALL! IC, UNESP-RC Vanessa Marcelino Michele Gonçalves Lucas Nicioli Bandeira João Paulo Soares Cortes MSc João GiovanelliUNESP- Tuliana Brunes, PhD Maria Tereza Thomé, UNESP-RC Co-orientadores Célio Haddad, UNESP-RC Fernando Sequeira, CIBIO-UP-Portugal Kelly Zamudio, Cornell-EUA CIBIO-UP / UNESP-RC

4 Refugia within refugia Linhagem A (27) Linhagem B Linhagem A Linhagem B

5 What about the Neotropics?

6 Are these northern species?

7 Phylogeography of anurans widespread in the Brazilian Atlantic forests Hypsiboas prasinus Rhinella icterica Physalaemus gr. olfersii Phyllomedusa gr. burmeisteri Rhinella gr. crucifer Hypsiboas bischoffi

8 Hipsiboas bischoffi Phyllomedusa gr. burmeisteri H. prasinus Physalaemus gr. olfersii Rhinella gr. crucifer R. icterica Natural history: altitude and habitat meters Rainforest Semi-decidual forest 200 0

icterica Natural history: altitude and habitat meters 1600

9 Natural history: reproduction H. bischoffi Hypsiboas prasinus Phyllomedusa gr. burmeisteri Eggs in nests constructed on leaves hanging above lentic water Eggs layed in foam nests floating on lentic water Physalaemus gr. olfersii Rhinella gr. crucifer R. icterica Eggs layed directly in lentic water

burmeisteri Eggs in nests constructed on leaves hanging above lentic water

10 Rhinella gr. crucifer PB PE BA SE AL N n1 n2 ND1 ND2 MG ES PR SP RJ C rhodopsin SC RS c1 S β-crystallin Thomé et al. (2010) Mol. Phyl. Evol.

11 Phyllomedusa gr. burmeisteri ND2 // BA SE MG SP ES Cmyc2 PR RJ RS SC β-fibint7 Brunes et al. (2010) Mol. Phyl. Evol.

12 Hypsiboas bischoffi // ND2 // SP PR SC RS β-fibint7

13 Physalaemus gr. olfersii // ND2 BA MG β-fibint7 ES SP RJ PR SC RS

14 Hypsiboas prasinus β-fibint7 MG SP PR SC RS Cyt b COI

15 Rhinella icterica // Cyt b COI MG RPL3 PR SP RJ SC RS

16 BREAKS RN PB PE AL SE Isolation with Migration BA MG Hey J. Nielsen R SP RJ ES msbayes: hierarchical ABC PR SC RS Hickerson MJ. et al. 2007

17 Marginal posterior densities t =T*µ (time since divergence) P. gr. burmeisteri R. crucifer Doce River RN PB PE AL SE BA Myr MG SP RJ ES PR SC RS

18 Marginal posterior densities 0,3 t =T*µ (time since divergence) 0,25 0,2 0,15 0,1 R. icterica H. bischoffi P. olfersii P. gr. burmeisteri São Paulo RN PB PE 0,05 SE AL BA Myr MG ES SP RJ PR SC RS

19 Marginal posterior densities t =T*µ (time since divergence) (Da) H. prasinus H. bischoffi P. olfersii Myr South BA RN PB PE AL SE MG ES SP RJ PR SC RS

1 (Da) H. prasinus H. bischoffi P. olfersii 0.24 0.18 0.

20 Marginal posterior densities 2,5 2 1,5 t =T*µ (time since divergence) R. crucifer Iguape H. bischoffi 1 RN 0,5 PB PE 0 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 Myr BA AL SE MG ES SP RJ PR SC RS

21 Iguape Model 0 long-term divergence Ne = 5x10-5 t 2 (130 kybp 3 Mybp) t 1 (20 kybp) 1 2 Population 1 Population 2 Model 1 recent colonization Ne = 5x10-5 t (20 kybp) ABC approach - 100k simulations with ms (Hudson) - msreject to retain 500 records - sumstats: pi1, pi2, pi Population 1 Population 2

22 PCA2 (26.7%) N obs Hypsiboas bischoffi Model rejection results H. bischoffi DivT Colt_S Model 4 Model Checking - DivT x Colt_S PR SC SP RS PCA1 (50.0%) DivT Colt_S pi_stats

23 PCA2 (27%) N obs Rhinella gr. crucifer Model rejection results R. crucifer DivT Colt_S 250 PB PE BA SE AL MG ES Model Model Checking - DivT x Colt_S SP RJ 3 PR 2 SC 1 RS DivT Colt_S 4 pi_stats PCA1 (53%)

24 Temperature Species distribution model Maxent modelling Precipitation Occurrences Present distribution area Past distribution area

25 LIG - 130k ybp Flutuação temporal? LGM - 21k ybp CCSM MIROC Presente Ponto de corte (threshold) de presença/ausência = Alexandrino et al., submetido

26 Stability models? Phyllomedusa gr. burmeisteri * without P. iheringii Rhinella gr. crucifer Hypsiboas bischoffi Physalaemus olfersii Rhinella icterica

27 Stability? Patos lineament Pernambuco lineament Upper Rio São Francisco crustal discontinuity Campo do Meio fault zone Guapiara lineament Propriá fault zone and lineament Rio Araçuaí fault Doce river Caratinga fault Além Paraíba fault zone Upper Grande crustal discontinuity Rio Paraiba do Sul crustal discontinuity LGM conditions Cubatão shear zone Wetter Dry fragmentation Wet stability Current cover Ombrophylous forest Deciduous forest Thomé et al., 2010

28 Are these southern species? // ND2 //

29 Atlantic Forest of S-SE Brazil / NE Argentina Atlantic Forest of S-SE Brazil / NE Argentina Andes of Argentina and Bolivia Atlantic Forest of S-SE Brazil / NE Argentina Atlantic Forest of S-SE Brazil / NE Argentina Faivovich et al. (2004)

30 H. bischoffi MtDNA ND2 RE + S % N h F 11 h F 2 h F 1 S % h F 22 h F 06 h F 16 h F % h F 24 S3 Nuclear Fib-int7 Phenotype (multigenic) Alexandrino et al., in review

31 Processos? A) P7 ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ P 1 P4 P3 P2 P5 P6 Endemics: arthropods (Pinto-da-Rocha and Silva), amphibians (Lynch 1979), mammals (Costa et al. 2000) Genetic breaks: plants (Ledru et al. 2007), amphibians (Carnaval et al. 2009, present study) reptiles (Graziotin et al. 2006), birds (Cabanne et al. 2007) Divergência temporal 70 mil anos 2,3 milhões anos 3 milhões anos 6 milhões anos B) 1 G N ^ >1200m elevation LGM: forest absent G S1 LGM: forest present G S2 2 G S3 H. bischoffi Fragmentação local da mata + Geotectónica e barreiras associadas (rios) G S5 G S4? 3 Alexandrino et al., submetido

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