Redes Moveis e Mobilidade

Transcrição

1 Redes de Computdores Redes de Computdores Redes Moveis e Mobilidde 1 Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

2 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Segue Cpitulo 6 do livro de J.F Kurose e K.W. Ross Redes sem Fios Crcteristics de Redes sem Fios CDMA IEEE wireless LANs ( wi-fi ) Redes Celulres rquitectur strds (e.g., 3G) Mobilidde Principios endereçmen e encminhmen pr utilizdores móveis Mobilidde IP Mobilidde em Redes Celulres Mobilidde e Procolos de l nível 2 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

3 Elemens de um rede sem fios Hosts sem fio Lpp, PDA, telefone IP Executm Aplicções Podem ser móveis ou não sem fio nem sempre signific mobilidde Infr-estrutur d rede 3 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Estção bse Ligd tipicmente rede com fio Responsável pel comunicção entre os hosts móveis d su áre e os hosts ds redes infrestruturds e.g., rres celulres e pons de cesso Ligção sem fio Usdo pr ligr os dispositivos móveis às estções bse Controldo por procolos de múltiplo cesso Váris txs de trnsmissão e distâncis máxims Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

4 Crcterístics ds norms de lgums redes sem fios 54 Mbps 5-11 Mbps 1 Mbps {,g} b p--p link 384 Kbps 56 Kbps UMTS/WCDMA, CDMA2000 IS-95 CDMA, GSM 3G 2G Indoor Outdoor Mid rnge outdoor Long rnge outdoor 10 30m m 200m 4Km 5Km 20Km 4 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

5 Modo de Ligção: à Infrestrutur Infr-estrutur d rede Ligção à Infrestrutur Estção bse lig os dispositivos móveis n rede com fio hf: dispositivo móvel mud de estção bse, ligo-se à nov rede com fio 5 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

6 Modo de Ligção: Ad hoc Modo Ad hoc não existem estções bse nós podem trnsmitir pr outros somente dentro de um determind cobertur nós orgnizm-se em rede e o encminhmen só pode ser fei entre eles Modo Hibrido Redes d hoc ligds à infrestrutur de rede trvés de um pon de cesso 6 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

7 Crcterístics ds Ligções sem Fios Diferençs pr s ligções com fios: Diminuição d potênci do sinl: sinis de rádio srem mior tenução o longo do cminho (pth loss) Interferênci de outrs fontes: frequêncis normlizds pr redes sem fios (e.g. 2.4 GHz) são prtilhds por outros dispositivos (e.g. telefone) mores e outrs fontes tmbém interferem Propgção multicminho (multipth): sinl de rádio reflectido por vários obstáculos terrestres, chego o destino com pequens diferençs de tempo Fz d comunicção sobre um ligção sem fios (mesmo pon pon) mui mis difícil 7 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

8 Propgção multicminho (multipth) Crcteristics de propgção vrim com o tempo Sinis chegm de vários cminhos o recepr com níveis de potênci diferentes e tempos de chegd (trsos) tmbém diferentes Os efeis de multipth incluem Interferênci constructiv e destructiv Deslocmen d fse (phse shifting) do sinl (cus o Ryleigh fding) 8 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

9 Crcterístics ds redes sem fios A existênci de vários emissores e recepres sem fios cri problems dicionis pr lém do múltiplo cesso C A B C A B A s signl strength C s signl strength Problem do terminl escondido spce Atenução do sinl B, A escutm-se um o outro B, C escutm-se um o outro A, C não se podem escutr um o outro A e C não prevêem um interf. em B 9 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

10 CDMA: Prtição do Cnl CDMA (Múltiplo Acesso por Divisão por Código): explor esquem de codificção de espectro esplhdo DS (Direct Sequence) ou FH (Frequency Hopping) Protege utilizdores d interferênci (inclusive intencionl) usdo desde Segund Guerr Mundil protege utilizdores do multipth fding em rádio interferênci entre dus trjectóris do mesmo sinl; e.g. o direc e por reflexão Código único ssocido cd cnl; i.e., prtição do conjun de códigos usdo em cnis de rdiodifusão (redes celulres, stélite) Utilizdores prtilhm mesm frequênci; cd cnl tem su própri sequênci de chipping (i.e., código) sequênci de chipping funcion como um máscr: usdo pr codificr o sinl pr o CDMA funcionr com múltiplos utilizdores e trnsmissões em simultâneo com um mínimo de interferênci, s sequêncis de chipping devem ser mutumente orgonis entre si (i.e., produ interno = 0) Sinl codificdo = (sinl originl) X (sequênci chipping) Descodificção: produ interno (som dos produs por componente) do sinl codificdo pel seq. de chipping 10 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

11 CDMA: Codificção/Descodificção 11 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

12 CDMA: Interferênci entre 2 emissores Sequêncis de chipping mutumente orgonis entre si C k m. c j m = 0, se i,j diferentes C k m. c k m = M 12 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

13 Crcteristics de Redes sem Fios Revisão Redes sem Fios Crcteristics de Redes sem Fios CDMA IEEE wireless LANs ( wi-fi ) Redes Celulres rquitectur strds (e.g., GSM) Mobilidde Principios endereçmen e encminhmen pr utilizdores móveis Mobilidde IP Mobilidde em Redes Celulres Mobilidde e Procolos de l nível 13 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Elemens d d rede rede sem sem fios fios Crcterístics ds ds norms de de lgums redes sem sem fios fios Modo de de Ligção: à àinfrestrutur Ad Adhoc Crcterístics ds ds ligções e redes sem sem fios fios CDMA Prtição do do Cnl Cnl Codificção // Descodificção CDMA CDMA Interferênci entre entre 2 Artur Arsenio Redes emissores de Computdores CDMA CDMA2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

14 IEEE Wireless LAN b Direct Sequence Spred Spectrum (DSSS) n cmd fisic dos os hosts usm o mesmo código de chipping GHz unlicensed rdio spectrum Espectro de frequêncis de nos microonds e telefones 2.4GHz té 11 Mbps GHz rnge té 54 Mbps Alcnçe de distâncis mis curts srem mis interferêncis multipth g GHz rnge té 54 Mbps Todos usm CSMA/CA pr cesso multiplo Suportm redes com estções bse e d-hoc Cpcidde de reduzir ritmo de trnsmissão pr tingir distâncis miores 14 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

15 IEEE LAN - Arquitectur BSS 1 AP Internet hub, switch ou router AP BSS 2 Um host sem fios comunic com estção bse estção bse = ccess point (AP) AP contém MAC único pr su interfce de rede sem fios Rede residencil típic contém um AP, um router, e um modem cbo ou ADSL (ou um terminl óptico) Bsic Service Set (BSS) ( célul ) no modo infrestruturdo contém: Hosts sem fios ccess point (AP) no modo d hoc: somente hosts sem fios 15 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

16 802.11: Cnis, Associção b: o espectro 2.4GHz-2.485GHz (85MHz) é dividido em 11 cnis de frequêncis diferentes que se sobrepôem prcilmente O dministrdor d rede escolhe um número de cnl pr o AP Possível interferênci: cnl pode ser o mesmo que o escolhido por um AP vizinho! Não há sobreposição entre 2 cnis estiverem seprdos por 4 ou + cnis Cnis 1,6 e 11 único conjun de 3 cnis não sobreposs host: deve descobrir APs dísponiveis, e ser ssocido com um AP Vrre dos os cnis, escut trms de sinlizção que contêm identificção dos APs (SSID Service Set IDentifier) e o endereço MAC Seleccion um AP pr se ssocir Pode relizr utenticção, exemplo: host comunic com servidor de utenticção uso um procolo com o RADIUS [RFC 2138] ou o DIAMETER [RFC 3588] simplific implementção do AP, pois servidor pode utenticr hosts de vários APs Execut, tipicmente, o procolo DHCP pr obter o end. IP n sub-rede do AP 16 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

17 IEEE : Acesso múltiplo Evitr colisões (CSMA/CA): 2 ou mis nós trnsmitir o mesmo tempo : us o CSMA Acesso múltiplo por detecção de portdor escut o meio ntes de trnsmitir pr não colidir com outrs trnsmissões em men : não reliz detecção de colisão Dificuldde em receber ( escutr colisões) quo está trnsmitir devido à frquez d energi dos sinis recebidos (fding) Não pode escutr ds s colisões: e.g. terminl escondido, fding C A B C A B ç do sinl de A ç do sinl de C espço 17 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

18 Procolo MAC do CSMA/CA IEEE Emissor se o cnl estiver livre, esper um pequeno tempo (Distributed Inter-Frme Spce - DIFS) e então trnsmite d trm (não há detecção de colisão) 2 se o cnl estiver ocupdo então i. inici um tempo de bckf letório ii. fz contgem regressiv enqun o cnl estiver livre i.se perceber que cnl está ocupdo, pr contgem iii. trnsmite quo o tempo expirr, e fic à esper de ACK iv.se não chegr um ACK, ument o intervlo de bckf e repete o psso 2 Recepr se trm recebid estiver OK envi ACK depois de esperr um SIFS - Short Inter-Frme Spcing (ACK devido o problem do terminl escondido) DIFS sender dt ACK receiver SIFS 18 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

19 IEEE : Evitr Colisões Idei: permitir o emissor reservr o cnl o invés de relizr um cesso letório ds trms, evi colisões de trms longs Devido overhed, só usdo p/ emissão de trms longs (tmnho > limir) Emissor primeiro envi pequens trms de controlo request--send (RTS) pr o AP uso o CSMA, ms que é ouvido por ds s estções o seu lcnce (inclusive o AP) os pcotes RTS podem ind colidir uns com os outros, ms como eles são pequenos, não cusm longos trsos AP envi um pcote cler--send (CTS) pr ds s estções que estão o seu lcnce, em respost o RTS Emissor trnsmite trm de ddos Outrs estções bloqueim s sus emissões Evit completmente s colisões de longs trms de ddos uso pequenos pcotes de reserv! 19 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde H1 AP H2 Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

20 Evitr Colisões: troc de RTS-CTS Origem A RTS(A) AP Destino B RTS(B) Todos os outros nós RTS(A) Colisão de RTSs CTS(A) CTS(A) DATA (A) bloqueio bloqueio tempo ACK(A) ACK(A) 20 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

21 Form d Trm Tipicmente detgrm IP ou pcote ARP frme control Bytes durtion ddress 1 ddress 2 ddress 3 seq control ddress 4 pylod CRC Address 1: endereço MAC do host sem fios ou do AP que vi receber trm Se pcote vem de host sem fios, então contém MAC do AP Address 2: endereço MAC do host sem fios ou do AP emitir trm Address 4: usdo somente no modo d hoc Address 3: endereço MAC d interfce do router o qul o AP está ligdo Relembrr: Trm Ernet Type Erros em bits mis comuns ns redes sem fios 21 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

22 Trm : Endereçmen H1 AP R1 router Internet Trm (ernet) R1 MAC ddr AP MAC ddr AP MAC ddr H1 MAC ddr R1 MAC ddr ddress 1 ddress 2 ddress 3 dest. ddress source ddress Um ds principis funções de um AP é converter um trm pr um trm ernet e vice-vers 22 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Trm Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

23 Trm tempo de trnsmissão reservdo (RTS/CTS) nº de seq d trm (pr tx fiável com ARQ) frme control durtion ddress 1 ddress 2 ddress 3 seq control ddress 4 pylod CRC Bytes Procol version bits Type Subtype To AP From AP More frg Retry Power mgt More dt WEP Rsvd Tipo d trm (ssocição, RTS, CTS, ACK, ddos) 23 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Definem o significdo dos cmpos ddress, que mudm conme o modo de uso infrestrutur ou d-hoc, e do emissor ser um host ou AP Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

24 Mobilidde dentro d mesm subrede H1 permnece n mesm subrede: endereço IP pode permnecer o mesmo (hub ou switch) Switch: qul o AP que está ssocido com H1? router hub or switch Self-lerning : switches montm s sus tbels de m umtic, ms não estão ps lidr com mobilidde excessiv. Existe um pr (peer) entre o endereço d su interfce e H1 Solução: AP2 envi em brodcst um trm ernet com o endereço fonte de H1 logo depois d ssocição BBS 1 AP 1 AP 2 H1 BBS 2 24 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

25 802.15: wireless personl re (Piconet) Dispositivos seprdos por, no máximo, 10 m de diâmetro Substitui dispositivos com fios por dispositivos sem fios (rs, tecldos, hedphones) d hoc: sem infrestrutur Mestre-escrvo: Mestre pode emitir em cd time slot impr Escrvos solicitm permissão pr emitir o mestre => Mestre nece permissão Dispositivos prked : não podem trnsmitir té o seu estdo ser trocdo pr ctivo pelo mestre (té 255 num piconet) : bsedo n especificção Blueoth GHz espectro de rádio, em modo TDM, time slots de 625ms Em cd time slot, emissor emite por um dos 79 cnis Emissor slt de cnl em cnl (Hopping) Conhecido como Frequency-hopping spred spectrum (FHSS) Esplh emissões pelo espectro de frequêncis o longo do tempo Em cd intervlo, o cnl mud de mneir conhecid, porém pseudo-letóri Tx de trnsmissão té 721 kbps M S P S S P M P S P Mster device Slve device Rdio de cobertur P Prked device (inctive) 25 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

26 IEEE wireless LANs ( wi-fi ) Revisão Redes sem Fios Crcteristics de Redes sem Fios CDMA IEEE wireless LANs ( wi-fi ) Redes Celulres rquitectur strds (e.g., GSM) Mobilidde Principios endereçmen e encminhmen pr utilizdores móveis Mobilidde IP Mobilidde em Redes Celulres Mobilidde e Procolos de l nível 26 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde IEEE LAN LAN Arquitectur Cnis, Associção IEEE : Acesso múltiplo CSMA/CA IEEE IEEE Evitr Evitr Colisões: troc troc de de RTS-CTS Form d d Trm Endereçmen Mobilidde dentro d d mesm subrede : wireless personl re (Piconet) Artur Arsenio Redes rede Computdores (Piconet) 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

27 Componentes d Arquitectur de Redes Celulres celul cobre região geogrfic bse sttion (BS) nálog o AP utilizdores móveis ligm-se à rede trvés d BS interfce-r: procolos de cmd fisic e lógic entre o dispositivo móvel e BS MSC lig celuls às redes de áre lrgd gere o estbelecimen de cmds gere mobilidde Mobile Switching Center Mobile Switching Center Public telephone, Internet wired 27 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

28 Redes Celulres: first hop Dus tecnics pr prtilhr o espectro de frequêncis rdio mobile--bs FDMA/TDMA combindo: dividir espectro em cnis de frequênci, e dividir cd cnl em prcels (slots) de tempo CDMA: code division multiple ccess frequency bs time slots 28 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

29 Strds pr Tecnologi Celulr: Breve Perspectiv 2G systems: cnis pr sinis de voz IS-136 TDMA: uso combindo de FDMA/TDMA (n Americ do Norte) GSM (globl system mobile communictions): uso combindo FDMA/TDMA IS-95 CDMA: code division multiple ccess 2.5 G systems: cnis de sinis de voz e ddos Extensões do 2G Generl pcket rdio service (GPRS) evoluiu do GSM ddos envidos em vários cnis (se disponiveis) Enhnced dt rtes globl evolution (EDGE) Evoluiu do GSM, uso modulção melhord Ritmo de ddos té 384K CDMA-2000 (phse 1) evoluiu do IS-95 3G systems: voz/ddos/video Universl Mobile Telecommunictions Service (UMTS) Evolução do GSM, ms uso CDMA CDMA Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

30 UMTS 3G Network Architecture MS BSS /RNS CS Domin BSS (Bse Sttion System) / RNS (Rdio Network System) NMS NMS (Network (Network Mngement Mngement Subsystem) Subsystem) HSS HSS (Home (Home Subscriber Subscriber Servers) Servers) CS CS (Circuit (Circuit Switched) Switched) Domin Domin IMS IMS (Internet (Internet Multimedi Multimedi Subsystem) Subsystem) PS PS (Pcket (Pcket Switched) Switched) Domin Domin Applictions Services PS Domin MS (Mobile Sttion) MS (Mobile Sttion) 30 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Access Network Core Network Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic Access Network Core Network

31 Redes Celulres - Revisão Redes sem Fios Crcteristics de Redes sem Fios CDMA IEEE wireless LANs ( wi-fi ) Redes Celulres rquitectur strds (e.g., GSM) Mobilidde Principios endereçmen e encminhmen pr utilizdores móveis Mobilidde IP Mobilidde em Redes Celulres Mobilidde e Procolos de l nível 31 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Componentes d d Arquitectur de de Redes Celulres Prtilh do do espectro de de frequêncis em em redes celulres Redes Celulres: first hop Strds pr Tecnologi Celulr: Breve Perspectiv Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

32 Anexo (em Inglês) Arquitecturs 3G pr Redes Móveis Celulres 32 Redes Moveis e Mobilidde Artur Arsenio Redes de Computdores 2010/2011 Deprtmen de Engenhri Inmátic

33 Next Genertion Architectures Next Next Genertion Architecturescn cn be be defined in in terms : : Air Air interfce dt dt rte rte Such Such s s Internet Internet Procol Procol over over ir ir or or Mbps Mbps downlink downlink Innovtive services pplictions vilble ( ( demed by) by) users users Next Next Genertion rchitecture design design choices: ll-ip ll-ip focus focus on on IP IP version version 6 6 (IPv6) (IPv6) Lyered Lyered rchitecture rchitecture Appliction Appliction Progrmming Progrmming Interfces Interfces (APIs) (APIs) Public Public privte privte ll designed fcilitte ccess resources in secure, useful, billble mnner. ll designed fcilitte ccess resources in secure, useful, billble mnner. Migrtion Migrtion intelligence intelligence from from core core wrd wrd periphery periphery system system In both IP-bsed s s well s Public Switched Telephone Networks (PSTNs) In both IP-bsed s s well s Public Switched Telephone Networks (PSTNs) Need Need rpid rpid flexible flexible deployment deployment pplictions pplictions (some (some pproches pproches re re exploring exploring concentrtion concentrtion intelligence intelligence centrlly, centrlly, deploying deploying multiple, multiple, cheper cheper ntenns ntenns eg. eg. RoF) RoF)

34 The Vision Third-genertion 3G Architectures Interntionl Interntionl Telecommunictions Telecommunictions Union s Union s (ITU) (ITU) Interntionl Interntionl Mobile Mobile Telecommunictions Telecommunictions (IMT-2000) (IMT-2000) vision vision Common Common spectrum spectrum worldwide worldwide ( ( GHz GHz b) b) Support Support multiple multiple rdio rdio environments environments (including (including cellulr, cellulr, stellite, stellite, cordless, cordless, locl locl re re s) s) integrtion stellite terrestril systems provide globl coverge. integrtion stellite terrestril systems provide globl coverge. Wide Wide rnge rnge telecommunictions telecommunictions services services (voice, (voice, dt, dt, multimedi, multimedi, Internet), Internet), Flexible Flexible rdio rdio berers berers incresed incresed spectrum spectrum efficiency, efficiency, Dt Dt rtes rtes up up 2 2 Mbps Mbps in in initil initil phse, phse, Mximum Mximum use use Intelligent Intelligent Network Network (IN) (IN) cpbilities cpbilities service service development development provisioning, provisioning, Globl Globl semless semless roming roming service service delivery delivery cross cross IMT-2000 IMT-2000 s, s, Enhnced Enhnced security security permnce permnce Third-genertion Third-genertion mobile mobile communictions communictions Dominted Dominted by by two two lrgely lrgely incomptible incomptible systems: systems: UMTS UMTS CDMA2000 CDMA2000 Universl Universl semless semless communiction communiction remins remins elusive elusive Due Due regionl, politicl, commercil spects mobile communictions regionl, politicl, business commercil spects mobile communictions business 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 3.5G 4G AMPS/NTT/NMT GSM/D-AMPS/IS-95/PDC/PHS GPRS/EDGE/I-mode/WAP IMT-2000 (W-CDMA/cdm2000) HDR/1xtreme HSDPA

35 3G Architectures 3G Architectures Universl Mobile Telecommunictions System (UMTS), or 3GPP: One reliztion IMT-2000 vision, developed under 3GPP Significnt support in Europe, Jpn, some prts Asi System evolved from 2 nd genertion Globl System Mobile Communictions (GSM). Decision bse 3G specifictions on GSM due : widespred deployment s bsed on GSM strds need preserve bckwrd comptibility Re-utiliztion lrge investments mde in GSM s Mny dded cpbilities, but UMTS core still resembles GSM. CDMA2000 or 3GPP2 system Anor reliztion IMT-2000 vision, strdized under 3GPP2 System hs evolved from 2 nd genertion IS-95 system Deployed in most regions tht hd IS-95 presence: United Sttes, South Kore, Belrus, Romni, some prts Russi, Jpn, Chin MWIF Industry um med in erly 1999 by leding 3G operrs, telecommunictions equipment providers, IP ing equipment providers MWIF ended work continued under egis Open Mobile Allince (OMA). Gol: develop ll-ip mobile rchitectures core RAN s counterpoint 3GPP R4 rchitecture. Contins mny rchitecturl pproches importnt next-genertion systems.

36 Evolution 3GPP specifictions 3GPP Relese 3GPP-R99 Freeze Dte 2000 Description 3GPP - 3rd Genertion Prtnership Project very strong GSM flvor - core design circuit-switched trffic is very similr GSM Cretion UTRAN both in FDD TDD, incorporting CDMA ir interfce. Rdio Access Network specifictions in Relese 99 only include UMTS Rdio Access Network (UTRAN) - while lluding or lterntive RANs. CAMEL phse 3 Loction services (LCS) New codec introduced (nrrowb AMR) UMTS 3GPP-R4 3GPP-R GERAN concept estblished Seprtion MSC in MSC server medi gtewy berer independent CS domin Streming medi introduced; Multimedi messging Added All-IP Core Network fetures Introduction IMS IPv6 introduced in PS domin; IP trnsport in UTRAN Introduction high-speed downlink pcket ccess (HSDPA) Introduction new codec (wideb AMR) CAMEL phse 4; OSA enhncements 3GPP-R Multiple input, multiple output ntenns IMS stge 2 (enhncements such s Push Tlk over Cellulr(PoC) WLAN-UMTS interworking integrted opertion with Wireless LAN s Introduction HSUPA (High-Speed Uplink Pcket Access) MBMS (Multimedi Brodcst Multicst Service) Generic Access Network (GAN); The lter releses hve strdized GSM/EDGE-bsed RAN, clled GERAN 3GPP-R Decresing ltency; Improvements QoS rel-time pplictions such s VoIP. HSPA+ (High Speed Pcket Access Evolution) SIM high-speed procol Contctless front-end interfce (Ner Field Communiction operrs deliver contctless services like Mobile Pyments) EDGE Evolution. 3GPP-R8 In progress (expected 2009) LTE (Long Term Evolution) All-IP Network. Relese 8 constitutes remultion UMTS s n entirely IP bsed fourth-genertion.

37 3G Network Architecture: UMTS UMTS Bsic Public L Mobile Network (PLMN) Configurtion Access Networks (AN) BTS s connected BSC (RNC) through cble or microwve links Core Networks (CN) BSS Bse Sttion System BTS Bse Trnsceiver Sttion BSC Bse Sttion Controller RNS Rdio Network System RNC Rdio Network Controller CN Core Network MSC Mobile-service Switching Controller VLR Visir Loction Regisr HLR Home Loction Register AuC Auntiction Server GMSC Gtewy MSC SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN Gtewy GPRS Support Node CS Circuit Switched HSS Home Subscriber Servers IMS Internet Multimedi Subsystem MS Mobile Sttion NMS Network Mngement Subsystem PS Pcket Switched

38 3G Network Architecture: UMTS PLMN infrstructure is divided logiclly s ccess (AN) core (CN): Access Access s (two (two AN AN types, types, both both providing providing bsic bsic rdio rdio ccess ccess cpbilities) cpbilities) Bse-sttion Bse-sttion System System (BSS) (BSS) This This is is GSM GSM ccess ccess Rdio Rdio Network Network Subsystem Subsystem (RNS) (RNS) This This is is bsed bsed on on UMTS, UMTS, in in prticulr prticulr on on Wideb Wideb Code Code Division Division Multiple Multiple Access Access (WCDMA) (WCDMA) rdio rdio link. link. UMTS UMTS provides: provides: higher bwidth over ir interfce higher bwidth over ir interfce better better hf hf mechnisms mechnisms» eg. St hover» eg. St hover The The CN CN primrily consists two two domins (which (which differ differ in in hling user user dt): dt): circuit-switched circuit-switched (CS) (CS) domin domin dedicted dedicted circuit-switched circuit-switched pths pths user user trffic trffic rel-time rel-time converstionl converstionl services services (eg. (eg. voice, voice, video video conferencing) conferencing) pcket-switched pcket-switched (PS) (PS) domin domin end--end end--end pcket pcket dt dt pplictions pplictions (eg. (eg. file file trnsfers, trnsfers, Internet Internet browsing, browsing, e-mil) e-mil)

39 Network Architecture Description CS domin contins in core : Switching centers tht connect mobile fixed-line s (nlogous exchnges in PSTN) Mobile Switching Center or MSC sres current loction re MS within loction register clled visited loction register (VLR). implements procedures relted hover between ccess s Gtewy Mobile Switching Center or GMSC similr in function MSC, situted t border between mobile externl s Relies on HLR loction mngement, wheres or MSCs re internl rely on VLRs tht re ten collocted with MSC. Medi Gtewy (MGW) hles user trffic, wheres MSC server dels with loction hover signling. This seprtion mkes core somewht independent berer technology Similr Next-genertion Network (NGN) rchitecture bsed on Stswitch developed fixed s. Home Subscriber Server (HSS) Core logicl function tht consists different dtbses required 3G systems, including Home Loction Register (HLR), Domin Nme Service (DNS), subscription security inmtion. It lso provides necessry support different pplictions services running on. The PS domin provides Generl Pcket Rdio Service (GPRS). There re two types GPRS support nodes (nlogous GMSC MSC) Gtewy GPRS Support Node (GGSN) Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN). mintin subscription loction inmtion mobile sttions hle user s pcket trffic PS domin-relted signling.

40 3G Network Architecture: UMTS Network Architecture Description (II) Network Mngement Subsystem (NMS), ms seprte verticl plne. Mobile Sttion (MS) - The user s terminl, consists : mobile equipment (ME) rdio communiction n identity module, which contins inmtion bout user identity. user switchs different device by inserting n identity module. supports two types identity modules subscriber identity module (SIM) used in 2G systems or universl SIM (USIM) used in UMTS systems goes beyond SIM - cts s execution environment BSS Bse-Sttion Controller (BSC) controls one or more Bse Trnsceiver Sttions; Unlike Node B, ech BTS corresponds one cell. RNS Rdio Network Controller (RNC) - controls rdio resources in ccess. provides st-hf cpbility. Ech RNC covers severl Node Bs: A Node B is logicl entity tht is essentilly equivlent bse-sttion trnsceiver; Provides physicl rdio-link connection between ME RNC. The IuCS / IuPS interfces connect ll mobiles in ccess CS / PS domins CN respectively. Or components (not prt bsic trnsport service rchitecture): mobile loction centers (MLC) number portbility dtbses, security gtewys, signling gtewys, mngement entities interfces.

41 3G Network Architecture: UMTS Typicl PLMN lyout For purposes loction mngement PLMN divided in severl res vrying scope. PLMN mintins loction mobile node purpose rechbility in terms severl loction regions Loction res (LA) which re used locting user CS trffic; ech is served by VLR, VLR my serve severl LA. Routing res (RA) used locting user PS trffic; one or more RAs re mnged by SGSN. The UTRAN Registrtion Are (URA) smller thn RA. contins cells controlled by single RNC cells re smllest unit loction. SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) hles user s dt trffic, including: initil untiction uthoriztion, dmission control, chrging dt collection, rdio resource mngement, pcket berer cretion mintennce, ddress mpping trnsltion, routing mobility mngement, pcket compression, ciphering trnsmission over RAN. GGSN ten locted t edge PS domin hles pcket dt trffic UMTS from outside vice vers. Importnt role in mobility mngement, pcket routing, encpsultion, ddress trnsltion. The most visible role GGSN is redirect incoming trffic mobile sttion its current SGSN.

42 3G Network Architecture: UMTS Pcket Pcket Dt Dt Procol Procol (PDP) (PDP) context, context, PDP Context Encpsultes ssocition inmtion between Encpsultes PS core ssocition inmtion MS between n ctive pcket PS core session MS n ctive pcket session contins inmtion necessry perm contins SGSN inmtion functions. necessry perm SGSN functions. Includes Includes inmtion inmtion concerning concerning type pcket dt procol used type pcket dt procol used ssocited ssocited ddresses ddresses ddresses upstrem GGSNs ddresses upstrem GGSNs identifiers lower lyer dt convergence identifiers procols lower lyer in dt m ccess convergence point identifiers, procols in m ccess point identifiers, NSAPI SAPI, route pckets NSAPI from SAPI, ccess. route pckets from ccess. The The GPRS GPRS Tunneling Tunneling Procol Procol (GTP) (GTP) is is used used crrying crrying trffic trffic between between SGSN SGSN GGSN GGSN crries control-plne inmtion user-plne crries control-plne dt. inmtion user-plne dt.

43 UMTS Network Architecture Limittions Lrge complexity trnsport procol stck pcket dt in PS domin in typicl UMTS tht uses n ATM bckbone interconnect ccess core entities. A user user dt dt pcket pcket moves moves over over stck stck severl severl times times bee bee reching reching IP IP ntive ntive.. severl points t ccess rchitecture leding pcket segmenttion, ressembly, retrnsmissions, severl points t ccess rchitecture leding pcket segmenttion, ressembly, retrnsmissions, leds dditionl dely, dds unjustifible complexity. leds dditionl dely, dds unjustifible complexity. The The procol procol stck stck uses uses GTP GTP tunnel tunnel dt dt in in CN CN GTP GTP is is independent independent underlying underlying procols procols cn crry mny pcket dt procols trnsprently: X.25, Frme Rely, IP cn crry mny pcket dt procols trnsprently: X.25, Frme Rely, IP ends up by crrying only IP due its immense growth populrity ends up by crrying only IP due its immense growth populrity two GTP tunnels (tunneling is problem with ll rchitectures) two GTP tunnels (tunneling is problem with ll rchitectures) between GGSN SGSN between GGSN SGSN between SGSN Serving-RNC. between SGSN Serving-RNC. ATM trnsport ll wy from BTS GGSN ATM trnsport ll wy from BTS GGSN IP IP over over ATM ATM AAL2 AAL2 from from Serving-RNC Serving-RNC GGSN GGSN fixed ATM cell size leding pcket frgmenttion, virtul circuit setup delys fixed ATM cell size leding pcket frgmenttion, virtul circuit setup delys Ntive IP trnsport over simple MAC procol is preferble (techniclly commercilly). Ntive IP trnsport over simple MAC procol is preferble (techniclly commercilly). Trnsport procol stck UMTS deployment using ATM bckbone

44 UMTS Network Architecture Limittions UMTS UMTS rchitecture seprtion in in three three domins: CS, CS, PS, PS, IMS, IMS, corresponding roughly roughly voice, voice, dt, dt, pcket-bsed multimedi services. reltively reltively esy esy migrtion migrtion pth pth from from 2G 2G 3G, 3G, preserving preserving infrstructure infrstructure investments investments PS PS domin domin cn cn be be incrementlly incrementlly dded dded CS, CS, IMS IMS cn cn be be dded dded fter fter tht. tht. rchitecture rchitecture drwbck drwbck is is dupliction dupliction functionlity. functionlity. new new types types PS PS domin domin elements elements (SGSN, (SGSN, GGSN, GGSN, etc.) etc.) re re developed developed provide provide sme sme functionlity functionlity (e.g., (e.g., mobility mobility mngement) mngement) user user trffic trffic with with different different QoS QoS chrcteristics chrcteristics The The IMS IMS in in UMTS UMTS cn cn support support rel-time services UMTS UMTS uses uses modified modified version version SIP SIP negotition negotition communiction communiction detils detils (codecs, (codecs, etc.), etc.), ensure ensure pths pths required required QoS QoS re re vilble vilble bee bee session session strts strts provide provide pproprite pproprite chrging chrging signling signling prevent prevent service service frud frud modified modified procol procol cn cn require require s s much much s s messges messges exchnged exchnged between between different different entities entities next-genertion next-genertion should should eliminte eliminte extrneous extrneous interctions, interctions, while while mintining mintining security security QoS QoS properties. properties.

45 3G: Mobile Network CDMA2000 Complex rchitecture t core 3G Network Architecture: CDMA2000

46 3G Network Architecture: CDMA2000 CDMA2000 Network Architecture Trditionl PSTN cellulr service rchitecture consisting Service Control Proxies (SCPs), Intelligent Peripherls, Service Nodes Strd CDMA2000 rchitecture digrm prtitioned in different domins

47 3G Network Architecture: CDMA2000 CS Domin Services in CDMA2000 rchitecture CS CS domin domin services services bsed bsed on on Wireless Wireless Intelligent Intelligent Network Network (WIN) (WIN) strds strds WIN WIN similr similr in in nture nture GSM GSM MAP MAP CAMEL CAMEL rchitecture rchitecture High-level High-level services services implemented implemented in in Service Service Control Control Proxy Proxy (SCP) (SCP) - - not not in in MSC. MSC. Similrly Similrly CAMEL CAMEL Model Model simplifies simplifies Mobile Mobile Switching Switching Center Center (MSC), (MSC), mking mking service service deployment deployment esier esier MSC MSC consults consults HLR HLR SCP SCP during during processing processing cll, cll, SCP SCP or or HLR HLR decide decide wht wht type type service service provide provide prticulr prticulr cll. cll. Intelligent Intelligent Peripherl Peripherl perms perms simple simple tsks tsks eg. collecting digits or speech--text conversion eg. collecting digits or speech--text conversion hs hs over over results results SCP SCP furr furr processing processing The The Service Service Trnsfer Trnsfer Point Point (STP) (STP) pcket pcket switch switch connecting connecting components components STP WIN components with st-lone HLR

48 3G Network Architecture: CDMA2000 Network Architecture: CDMA2000 vs UMTS - similrities & differences The The CDMA2000 CDMA2000 hs hs severl severl similrities similrities with with UMTS UMTS : : From From high-level high-level perspective, perspective, both both hve hve CS CS domin domin PS PS domin domin Both support IMS Internet multimedi services, Open Service Access (OSA) Both support IMS Internet multimedi services, Open Service Access (OSA) service service cretion, cretion, service service pltm pltm open open services services As As UMTS, UMTS, CS CS domin domin is is identicl identicl 2G 2G circuit-switched circuit-switched cellulr cellulr rchitecture rchitecture However, However, from from n n rchitecturl rchitecturl perspective, perspective, UMTS UMTS CDMA2000 CDMA2000 systems systems differ differ significntly significntly in in how how y y hle hle pcket-switched pcket-switched trffic trffic in in core core.. The The CDMA2000 CDMA2000 PS PS domin domin consists consists : : The The pcket pcket control control function function (PCF) (PCF) PCF techniclly is rdio ccess function, which controls trnsmission pckets PCF techniclly is rdio ccess function, which controls trnsmission pckets between BSC PDSN. between BSC PDSN. Pcket dt support node (PDSN), Pcket dt support node (PDSN), The ccess diverts pcket-switched trffic PDSN, which termintes logicl link The ccess diverts pcket-switched trffic PDSN, which termintes logicl link control lyer ll pcket dt control lyer ll pcket dt cts s eign gent or ccess router, depending on configurtion wher cts s eign gent or ccess router, depending on configurtion wher uses IPv4 or IPv6 support IP-bsed mobility with Mobile IP ( be studied in more detiled uses IPv4 or IPv6 support IP-bsed mobility with Mobile IP ( be studied in more detiled lter in course IP Mobility) lter in course IP Mobility) Mobile Mobile endpoint endpoint home home gent gent (HA) (HA) Interfces with PDSN support mobility using Mobile IP. Interfces with PDSN support mobility using Mobile IP. An An untiction, untiction, uthoriztion, uthoriztion, ccounting ccounting (AAA) (AAA) function function Interfces PSDN subsystem perming AAA pcket ccess Interfces PSDN subsystem perming AAA pcket ccess

49 MWIF In In comprison with with 3GPP 3GPP R5 R5 rchitecture, MWIF MWIF design design does does not not consider PSTN PSTN focuses only only on on pcket-switched trnsport. The The MWIF MWIF core core rchitecture intended intended completely completely eliminte eliminte circuit-switched circuit-switched support support except except s s bckwrd bckwrd comptibility comptibility option option through through gtewy gtewy MWIF MWIF RAN RAN rchitecture rchitecture is is intended intended support support IP IP bse bse sttion, sttion, insted insted ATM ATM s s in in 3GPP 3GPP R4. R4. The The MWIF MWIF rchitecture is is bsed bsed entirely entirely on on Voice Voice over over IP IP on on core core (fter (fter trffic trffic leves leves ccess ccess ) re re is is neir neir n n IU-CS IU-CS interfce interfce nor nor n n MSC MSC in in MWIF MWIF design design The The MWIF MWIF core core rchitecture consists two two prts: prts: A lyered lyered functionl functionl rchitecture rchitecture A reference reference rchitecture rchitecture

50 3G Network Architecture: MWIF MWIF Network Architecture Four Four horizontl lyers lyers Applictions: Applictions: third-prty third-prty pplictions pplictions vilble vilble through through mobile mobile operr s operr s Services: Services: pplictions pplictions within within operr s operr s,, ing ing support support services services such such s s nming nming direcry direcry services services Control: Control: mobility mobility mngement, mngement, uthoriztion, uthoriztion, ccounting, ccounting, rel-time rel-time medi medi mngement, mngement, resource resource mngement, mngement, ddress ddress lloction lloction Trnsport: Trnsport: Bsic Bsic IP IP routing, routing, gtewy gtewy services services ccess ccess s s Two cross-lyer functionl (verticl) res Opertions, dministrtion, mngement, provisioning Security MWIF lyered functionl rchitecture (OMA)

51 3G Network Architecture: MWIF Network Reference Architecture Developed from lyered functionl rchitecture ssigns functionl entities entities Design core - 68 specific reference points ct s interfces between entities outside s. OpenRAN functionl rchitecture rdio ccess bsed on open, IPbsed procols IP-bsed signling trnsport RANs (insted ATM SS7 used in 3G RAN) seprtion control dt plnes rchitecture consists 14 functionl entities seprted by 27 reference points. Bseline rdio procol is CDMA voice over IP over ir not provided, voice over IP termintes t functionl entity tht dpts IP trffic rdio (Similrly 3G s)

52 CDMA2000 & MWIF Network Architecture Limittions CDMA2000 Network Architecture Simpler procol stck CDMA2000 thn UMTS A dt pcket does not undergo multiple trnsmtions rech Internet. The PDSN uses Point--Point Procol (PPP) mintin link with mobile sttion this ms link control lyer, re is only one logicl link control connection between first hop IP router mobile sttion Use Mobile IP combined with AAA functions support hover (mjor difference in CDMA2000) unlike UMTS where GTP combined with MAP is used mobility mngement. Norml opertion while MS is sttionry Edge-bsed technique hf in PS domin, by stretching PPP tunnel between old new Pcket Control Function ( stretchy PPP ) effectively defers signling end--end pth updte between MS its correspondent nodes, hling mobility loclly. firly effective in reducing pcket loss during hover. Procol model IP pcket dt MWIF MWIF Network Network Architecture Architecture To lrge extent, MWIF is 3G rchitecture tht comes closest bsis Next Genertion rchitecture. To lrge extent, MWIF is 3G rchitecture tht comes closest bsis Next Genertion rchitecture. Desirble elimintion CS domin in core, with n emphsis on pcket switching, IP Desirble elimintion CS domin in core, with n emphsis on pcket switching, IP The OpenRAN eft tkes this next logicl step, which is IP in RAN. The OpenRAN eft tkes this next logicl step, which is IP in RAN. MWIF MWIF core core rchitecture rchitecture designed designed be be ccess ccess independent independent differentites it from UMTS erlier CDMA2000 system rchitectures differentites it from UMTS erlier CDMA2000 system rchitectures Access Network Gtewy: functionl element interfce core ccess, t periphery core. Access Network Gtewy: functionl element interfce core ccess, t periphery core. In principle, llowing n MWIF core be connected ny vriety ccess s, including such wired s s DSL. In principle, llowing n MWIF core be connected ny vriety ccess s, including such wired s s DSL. The lter genertion CDMA2000 UMTS hve dopted similr model. The lter genertion CDMA2000 UMTS hve dopted similr model. Drwbck: Drwbck: never never fully fully specified, specified, developed, developed, or or deployed deployed commercilly commercilly (only (only lborry lborry protypes protypes developed) developed) Uncler interoperbility with legcy 2G 2.5G systems Uncler interoperbility with legcy 2G 2.5G systems

53 UMTS Service Architecture UMTS Service Architecture Additionl berer services tht cn be used by pplictions send different types content: Short Messge Service (SMS) Unstructured Supplementry Service Dt (USSD) User--User Signling (UUS) Circuit berer services (t lowest level) such s circuit-switched trnsport Supplementry services (operte on CS domin) provide enhncements such s cll witing, cll wrding, three-wy clling. Circuit teleservices (CS domin) consist simple telephone clls, fx 3GPP strdizes service cpbilities 3GPP strdizes (not services), service which consist cpbilities generic (not services), berers which consist generic berers defined by Qulity Service (QoS) prmeters defined by such Qulity s bwidth, Service (QoS) dely, prmeters symmetry such s bwidth, dely, symmetry mechnisms needed relize services, mechnisms including needed relize services, including functionlity provided by vrious functionlity elements, provided by vrious elements, communiction between m, communiction between m, srge ssocited dt. srge ssocited dt. Non-cll-relted services re those tht do not directly relte cll in progress, Eg. notifiction voicemil or e-mil messge rrivl. Non-cll-relted vlue-dded services not relted voice clls fer dvnced dt cpbilities such s e-mil ccess, web browsing, file trnsfer. IP multimedi services dels directly with multimedi (eg. imge video downlod streming). UMTS service clssifiction - lyered structure

54 UMTS Service Architecture Virtul Home Environment (VHE) service concept A home home environment environment is is defined defined ech ech user user One One or or more more user user priles priles re re defined defined sred sred On On move, move, user user priles priles cn cn be be used used provide provide VHE VHE in in visited visited.. Avilbility Avilbility users users (independently (independently or or terminl) terminl) consistent consistent personlized personlized set set services services fetures fetures Unim Unim ols ols ccessing ccessing services services creting creting services. services. user user interfce interfce look look feel feel VHE VHE is is enbled enbled by by generic generic berers berers (defined (defined by by QoS) QoS) user user prile, prile, referred referred s s cll cll control control (CS, (CS, PS, PS, or or IMS IMS control) control) collection collection service service olkits olkits Specifictions procols, environments, or APIs developing services vrious types. Specifictions Include: procols, environments, or APIs developing services vrious types. Include: User SIM Appliction Toolkit (USAT) User SIM Appliction Toolkit (USAT) Mobile Execution Environment (MExE) Mobile Execution Environment (MExE) Cusmized Applictions Mobile Network Enhnced Logic (CAMEL) Cusmized Applictions Mobile Network Enhnced Logic (CAMEL) Open Service Access (OSA). Open Service Access (OSA). 3GPP 3GPP envisions envisions tht tht new new olkits olkits cn cn be be dded dded 3GPP 3GPP specifictions specifictions non-3gpp olkits lso possible non-3gpp olkits lso possible

55 UMTS Service Architecture CAMEL CAMEL is used provide intelligence in UMTS Set strds tht llow n operr define services over bove GSM or UMTS services Provide seprtion high-level services from bsic switching cll processing Subscriber cn rom between switching centers eign s, switching functions in eign interct with service control functions in user s home. A CAMEL service residing in service control function (SCF) is invoked when trigger contined in switching function fires. CAMEL opertes using two procols: CAMEL Applictions Prt (CAP) Similr Intelligent Networks (IN) Appliction Prt (INAP) procol in fixed s Mobile Applictions Prt (MAP). Appliction-lyer procol signling between mobility service functions, such s MSC or VLR (Visited Loction Register), control function, such s HLR. Used ccess s well or functions: Equipment Identity Register, Auntiction Centre, Short messge service center Serving GPRS Support Node Exmples Exmples CAMEL CAMEL Services Services Wireless Wireless prepid prepid service service SS7 procol suite Subscriber estblishes n ccount with service provider pys bee use in order Subscriber obtin service estblishes in home n ccount visited with s service - very provider successful pys CAMEL bee service! use in order obtin service in home visited s - very successful CAMEL service! No-prefix No-prefix dilling dilling number user dils is sme no mtter country where cll is plced) number user dils is sme no mtter country where cll is plced) Semless Semless MMS MMS messge messge ccess ccess from from brod brod

56 Service Provisioning: Three Intercting Logicl Networks Home Network user, which contins 2 logicl entities, s in 2G cellulr s: The HLR sres CAMEL Subscription Inmtion (CSI) - subscriber s loction service prile inmtion, GSM Service Control Function (gsmscf) The execution environment services nlogous service control proxy (SCP) in fixed IN net Sres service logic. The gsmsrf corresponds IN Intelligent Peripherl, cn ply nnouncements, collect user digits. service control function (SCF) Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Gtewy Mobile Switching Center (GMSC) Interrogting Network needs mobile user s loction inmtion from HLR in order deliver cll. The Home Network, unless supports optiml routing Contins two logicl entities: GMSC gsmssf: llows GMSC communicte with gsmscf Visited Network, where user is currently locted, with 3 logicl entities: MSC VLR, s in 2G cellulr s GSM Service Switching Function (gsmssf) interfces between MSC gsmscf. nlogous Service Switching Point (SSP) in fixed IN,

57 UMTS Service Architecture MExE client MExE client MExE MExE is execution environment in mobile terminl equipment MExE devices cn interct provide service. Inms bout MExE resources, mechnisms, support using Composite Cpbility /Preference Priles (CC/PP) deliver services user Inms MSE cpbilities on use MExEdevices my enter in content negotition MExEdevices my enter in content negotition with with MSE MSE determine determine requested requested / / vilble m content vilble m content using using Hypertext Hypertext Trnsport Trnsport Procol Procol (HTTP) (HTTP) or or Wireless Wireless Session Session Procol Procol (WSP) (WSP) MExE Service Environment (MSE) In fixed proxy servers trnslte content enble its delivery on mobile terminl MExE cn support one or more user priles, sring m in ME or USIM. MExE devices re required support cpbility negotition usully tkes plce bee service commences.

58 UMTS Service Architecture Clssmrks MExE Ctegories Ctegories devices devices defined defined by by 3GPP 3GPP bsed bsed on on computtionl computtionl cpbility cpbility Clssmrk Clssmrk 1 1 device device supporting supporting WAP. WAP. Limited Limited input input output output fcilities. fcilities. Clssmrk Clssmrk 2 2 PersonlJv device with ddition JvPhone API. PersonlJv device with ddition JvPhone API. Clssmrk Clssmrk 3 3 bsed on J2ME Connected Limited Device Configurtion Mobile bsed Inmtion on J2ME Connected Device Prile Limited (MIDP) Device environments Configurtion Mobile Inmtion Device Prile (MIDP) environments Clssmrk Clssmrk 4 4 bsed on Common Lnguge Infrstructure (CLI) Compct Prile bsed on Common Lnguge Infrstructure (CLI) Compct Prile PersonlJv supports web content ccess Jv pplets APIs Clssmrk 2 JvPhone API llows telephony control, messging, personl inmtion mngement functions, such s ddress book clendr.