Multi-temporal Analysis of Land Use in Northwest Paraná - Brazil: Application of Remote Sensing Techniques and Geoprocessing

Transcrição

1 Multi-temporal Analysis of Land Use in Northwest Paraná - Brazil: Application of Remote Sensing Techniques and Geoprocessing Sandra Lessa da Silva Ferreira 1 Simone Kozciak 2 Chisato Oka-Fiori 3 ¹ Doctoral Student in Geography- Universidade Federal do Paraná UFPR Slessasf@yahoo.com.br ² Doctor in Geology and Autonomous Researcher Curitiba-PR kozciak@hotmail.com ³ Doctor Professor in Geography - Universidade Federal do Paraná UFPR chisato@ufpr.br

2 1- Introduction Technological advances in the last decade; methodologies and techniques to remote sensing and GIS; The present study aims: - to analyze the dynamics of land use and vegetation cover in a limited area, - multitemporal studies determined from historical and socio-economic aspects: 1963, 1985 and 2010.

3 1963 was defined as the year representing the beginning of the territorial occupation; In 1985 there was a significant transition from agricultural land usage to livestock; The year 2010 provided data for the analysis of current conditions of water resources and land usage.

4 2 LOCATION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION latitude: S 24 00'00"S Longitudes: 53 40'00"W 54 10'00 W

5 the soil formation of the study area is associated with the Caiuá sandstone covering; According to EMBRAPA (1984) and Nimer (1979) Photo by Author

6 The local climate: subtropical humid mesothermal with hot and humid summers, winters with infrequent frosts and dry seasons which are not clearly defined; The annual rainfall reaches values close to 1500 mm; according to the Paranacidade data

7 The enclosed basins, according to analysis by Maack (2002), were originally tropical rain forest; Currently there are only strips of native forest protected by law, and in some areas of riparian vegetation. Photo by Author

8 3 WORKING METHODOLOGY Interposition of maps; soil usage from aerial photographs dated 1963, and supervised classification of satellite images from 1985 and 2010.

9 monochrome aerial photographs; - scale of 1:70.000; taken by Cruzeiro do Sul SA; Aerophotogrammetric Services, (May /1963), provided by ITCG of Paraná (Institute of Lands, Mapping and Geoscience).

10 - Aerial photographs obtained on paper were initially converted to a digital form through raster scanning; - This digital record has been corrected geometrically and; - georeferenced using ERDAS IMAGINE software.

11 -Through vectorialisation on screen with the ESRI ArcGIS software, database polygons were created for different soil uses observed in the study area.

12 - The most important photographic parameters observed were: -tone, texture, pattern, shape, size, shadow, colour, topography and related factors (Santos et al., 1980)

13 Automatic classification techniques, for the years 1985 and Bands 1,2,3,4, 5 and 7 of the images contained in the point/orbit and , -For image processing ERDAS Imagine 9.2 software was used. taken by INPE website (National Institute for Space Research), for the dates of June 19, 1985 and June 24, 2010.

14 - Four key steps were followed to obtain maps of the soil coverage of 1985 and 2010: -the production of the preliminary photo-interpreted maps; - field control; - supervised classification ; - and the final draft, through photo-interpretation of the databases.

15 4 CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM OF LAND USE The classification system as per Use and Land Cover from IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), - Anthropogenic Non-agricultural areas: is associated with all types of land use for non-agricultural sectors,

16 Anthropogenic agricultural areas: can be heterogeneous or, in agricultural areas represent large planting areas. In the present study, areas for crops and pastures were identified. Detail of the classification of soil usage, Landsat Image RGB 457- Photo by Author (class: crops and pasture)

17 Areas of natural vegetation were organized into two categories: the arboreal forest and the shrub and herbaceous vegetation. Detail of the classification of soil usage, Landsat Image RGB 457- Photo by Author (class: forest and shrub)

18 5 ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS Multi-temporal Analysis of Land Use in Northwest Paraná Brazil Class Km 2 % Km 2 % Km 2 % Urban Areas 0,48 0,12 2,53 0,61 4,07 0,99 Crops 79,56 19,29 324,05 78,63 227,93 55,30 Pastures 11,44 2,77 64,28 15,60 109,93 26,67 Forests 310,1 75,19 14,55 3,53 38,78 9,41 Shrub 7,44 1,80 3,67 0,89 29,26 7,10 -The chart of 1963 presented an extensive area covered by native vegetation; - However, in deforested areas there was a total absence of protective vegetation on the banks of watercourses.

19 Multi-temporal Analysis of Land Use in Northwest Paraná Brazil Class Km 2 % Km 2 % Km 2 % Urban Areas 0,48 0,12 2,53 0,61 4,07 0,99 Crops 79,56 19,29 324,05 78,63 227,93 55,30 Pastures 11,44 2,77 64,28 15,60 109,93 26,67 Forests 310,1 75,19 14,55 3,53 38,78 9,41 Shrub 7,44 1,80 3,67 0,89 29,26 7,10 - Based on automatic image classification 1985, It is noted that agricultural usage of the land was the main factor responsible for the sharp decline of native vegetation.

20 Multi-temporal Analysis of Land Use in Northwest Paraná Brazil Class Km 2 % Km 2 % Km 2 % Urban Areas 0,48 0,12 2,53 0,61 4,07 0,99 Crops 79,56 19,29 324,05 78,63 227,93 55,30 Pastures 11,44 2,77 64,28 15,60 109,93 26,67 Forests 310,1 75,19 14,55 3,53 38,78 9,41 Shrub 7,44 1,80 3,67 0,89 29,26 7,10 -However, on the automatic classification of image 2010 it can be seen that forest and pasture areas have increased considerably.

21 Multi-temporal Analysis of Land Use in Northwest Paraná Brazil Class Km 2 % Km 2 % Km 2 % Urban Areas 0,48 0,12 2,53 0,61 4,07 0,99 Crops 79,56 19,29 324,05 78,63 227,93 55,30 Pastures 11,44 2,77 64,28 15,60 109,93 26,67 Forests 310,1 75,19 14,55 3,53 38,78 9,41 Shrub 7,44 1,80 3,67 0,89 29,26 7,10 - The use of Geographic Information Systems, combined with geomorphological studies, is fundamental resources for case studies; - However, the search for solutions or attenuating measures directly and indirectly involves different segments of society.

22 Thank you all Sandra Lessa

23 6 REFERENCES (used in the article) EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA EMBRAPA. FUNDAÇÃO INSTITUTO AGRONÔMICO DO PARANÁ IAPAR. Levantamento de Reconhecimento dos solos do estado do Paraná. Londrina, FREITAS FILHO, M. R.; MEDEIROS, J. S. Analise multitemporal da cobertura vegetal em parte da chapada do Araripe CE, utilizando técnicas de sensoriamento Remoto e Geoprocessamento. In_ SIMPOSIO BRASILEIRO DE SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO, 7, 1993 São Jose dos Campos: INPE, p Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística IBGE. Manual Técnico de Uso da Terra - 2ª edição. Rio de Janeiro, MAACK, R. Geografia Física do Estado do Paraná. Curitiba: Imprensa Oficial, MENESES, P. R.; ASSAD, E. D.; SANO, E. E. Introdução de imagens digitais de satélites de Sensoriamento Remoto. Brasília, editora Universidade de Brasília, NIMER, E. Climatologia do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, NOVO, E. M. L. M. Sensoriamento Remoto Princípios e Aplicações Editora Edgard Blücher Ltda. São Paulo SP. 2 a Edição, 308p NOVO, E. M. L. M. Projeto UTVA- Análise comparativa entre Fotografias Aéreas convencionais e Imagens do LANSAT para fins de levantamento do uso de Terra. São José dos Campos, INPE, 1978 (INPE NTI/113). PEREIRA, M. N.; KURKDJIAN, M. N. O. DE; FORESTI, C. Cobertura e uso da terra através de Sensoriamento Remoto. São Jose dos Campos: Instituto nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, ROSS, J. L. S. Geomorfologia ambiental. in: CUNHA, S.B.da e GUERRA, A. J. T. Geomorfologia do Brasil. São Paulo: Bertrand Brasil, SANTOS, A.P.; NIERO, M.; LOMBARDO, M.A. Interpretação de dados de sensoriamento remoto no uso da terra. In: Introdução às técnicas de sensoriamentp remoto e aplicação: curso de treinamento. São José dos Campos: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Sites Consultados Paranacidade - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais INPE -