REGIÃO NORDESTE Universidade Federal do Maranhão

Transcrição

1 Vestibulares 2009

2 REGIÃO NORDESTE Universidade Federal do Maranhão Green Light for New Particle Accelerator One way to figure out what might have happened during the Big Bang that massive explosion of matter and energy that physicists think might have marked the birth of the universe is to spend hours in front of a chalkboard working through massively complicated formulae. The other, of course, is to go out and create a Big Bang yourself. That is the route to be taken by 5 10 German researchers along with their particle physics colleagues from over a dozen countries around the world. On Wednesday, those participating in the project will sign an agreement which will eventually result in the construction of a massive new particle accelerator in the western German city of Darmstadt. The goal is to discover new data about the birth of our universe. The substance we will be making resembles that in the first microseconds of the Big Bang, when it was a million times hotter than the center of the sun. We re talking a million times 10 million degrees Celsius, says Horst Stöcker, scientific director of the German Society for Heavy Ion Research (GSI). The project will cost a total of 1.2 billion ($1.7 billion) with the German government set to pick up 65 percent of the price tag. The rest will come from the state of Hesse and from the project s international partners, which include Russia, India, Italy, Poland and China among others. The accelerator itself will have a circumference of over a kilometer and will be built 17 meters underground. Answer the three following questions according to the text. 46 Write T for true and F for false. After that, choose the alternative that presents the correct sequence. ( ) Big Bang is the name that the physicists give to the massive explosion of matter and energy that might have marked the birth of the universe. ( ) German researchers and physics colleagues Will be constructing a massive new particle accelerator in London. ( ) Among others, the following countries will be partners in the experiment: Russia, China, India, Poland and Italy. a) F F T b) T T T c) F T T d) T F T e) T F F 47 Which expressions are the following words referring to, respectively? Choose the alternative that presents the correct sequence. I) other (line 4) II) their (line 5) III) itself (line 14) a) way; German researchers; accelerator. b) way; countries; universe. c) Universe; an agreement; underground. d) Big Bang; project; circumference. 13

3 Universidade Estadual do Piauí REDUCE STREET VIOLENCE Street violence and violent crime are equal opportunity destroyers: they reach into rural communities like Nickel Mines, Pennsylvania, where five Amish school girls lost their lives to gun violence; into downtown Los Angeles, where gang violence occurs daily; and into the suburbs of Littleton, Colorado, home of Columbine High. While more than 80 children and adults die from gun violence each day in the United States, the threat of street violence also holds millions of people captive and fearful in their homes in communities large and small. Parents ask themselves: Is it too dangerous for my children to walk to school? Will it ever be safe for my children to play outside? How can I be sure gun violence won t erupt in my child s school? Adults are also afraid for their own safety. Fear of gun violence and violent crime prevent many adults, especially women and older people, from going out alone or at night, which limits their ability to work, seek medical care, socialize, and buy groceries. In a country that values freedom, millions of Americans do not feel free to safely walk in their own neighborhoods. Programs to reduce street and gun violence and promote safe neighborhoods are underway, and their success depends on the participation of citizens in every community. They include: after-school events that engage young people in creative activities like hip-hop dance, sports, karate, art, and yoga citizen neighborhood watch groups that patrol their streets to discourage street violence and crime enlistment of former gang members to interact with current gang members to help quell gang violence mentor programs to provide positive role models or peer support job programs to help young people and adults learn marketable skills and how to enter the job market counseling programs for anger management, drug abuse, parenting skills, building self-esteem religious or spiritually based programs to help foster moral and ethical values Gun violence in the United States is getting worse, according to the Coalition to Stop Gun Violence. This fact is mobilizing citizens in large cities to farm regions to tackle violent crime and take back their communities. Programs such as CeaseFire are showing great success in reducing street violence and gang violence. You can help. Disponível em: < htm> Acessado em 20 de setembro de Street violence can be found in A) small towns mainly. B) big cities only. C) rural communities only. D) every community. E) urban areas solely. 52. Street violence A) erupts in cities where children regularly walk to school. B) keeps people prisoners in their houses afraid of the police. C) stirs fear in the adult population more than in children. D) makes men help women and the elderly go out at night. E) claims the lives of nearly ninety Americans every day. 53. Liberty is an important American value. A) However, Americans feel it is not safe to walk down their own streets. B) But they find their neighborhoods too dangerous for religious people. C) Consequently, they find it totally safe to go out into their own streets. D) Because of that violence offers an equal opportunity to all citizens. E) Due to this every citizen may experience violence in his/her lifetime. 14

4 Universidade Federal do Ceará London: home and family Women in the late 19th century gave birth, on average, to 4.6 children during their lifetime. By the 1950s the average had surprisingly fallen to 2.19 children per woman. By the end of the century it dropped to 1.76 children per woman and has kept on falling dramatically so far. Family reduction was partly a consequence of women s changing status. The 20th century saw women 5 10 enter the workforce and enjoy more choices about their lives, including the choice not to marry and have children.. The issue of birth control was firstly brought out into the open in 1921 by Marie Stopes. Stopes work dispelled some of the taboos surrounding birth control, but the real revolution occurred in the 1960s with the arrival of the oral contraceptive pill. Smaller families and more choices for women also meant smaller households, more people living alone, more one-parent families, and more unwed parents. By the 1990s, for example, a third of all households in London were single-person households. Vocabulary: dispel (line 08): acabar com household (line 10): casa, família Adapted from: The sentence that completes the blank correctly in line 07 is: A) Yet, standards of living dropped. B) Contraception was another factor. C) Modern Londoners search for reliable methods of contraception. D) The 20th-century women do not engage in deeply committed relationships. E) Contraceptive methods, on the other hand, are responsible for 100% of family reduction. 62. The adverb surprisingly (line 02) is equivalent in meaning to: A) suddenly. B) obviously. C) noticeably. D) drastically. E) unexpectedly. 63. After reading the first paragraph, we may say that: A) birth rate has increased in London. B) the number of family members has decreased. C) the standard of life has dropped over the centuries. D) a surprising number of families are headed by unwed women. E) female Londoners have given birth to 4.6 children during their lifetime. 15

5 Universidade Federal da Bahia BIOMEDICINE: HARD OF SEEING Call it the contact lens of hearing aids. Researchers at Otologics, a Colorado firm, have come up with a hearing aid that is surgically implanted behind the ear, out of sight. The device consists of a microphone that picks up sound and transmits it to a piston implanted in the middle ear, which transfers the vibrations to the tiny bones of the inner ear. The device doesn t offer better hearing it reproduces a narrower range of frequencies than conventional hearing aids, and users did slightly worse in word-comprehension tests. But subjects reported that the sound was more natural. The device, which is available in Europe and in clinical trials in the United States, works in the shower or the pool and doesn t have to be taken off before bed. But the battery must be recharged nightly, via a transmitter strapped to the user s head, for sixty minutes or more. The implant requires general anesthesia and must be replaced in five to 20 years. The price: $19,000 (surgery included). strapped (l. 10) v. to strap enfaixado, amarrado. SALCITO, K. Biomedicine: Hard of seeing. Newsweek, New York, v. CL, n. 13, p. 9, Sep. 24, De acordo com as informações contidas no texto, pode-se afirmar: (01) Alguns pesquisadores, em Colorado, criaram lentes de contato de última geração a fim de ajudar deficientes auditivos e visuais. (02) O aparelho fabricado para deficientes auditivos deve ser implantado atrás da orelha. (04) O novo invento é a prova d água e pode ser usado ininterruptamente. (08) A bateria do aparelho deve ser recarregada todas as noites por, no mínimo, uma hora. (16) O aparelho implantado, segundo os pacientes, reproduz um som mais natural. (32) O dispositivo foi considerado muito caro para os deficientes visuais ou auditivos, apesar da inclusão dos custos da cirurgia. 30 Quanto ao uso da linguagem no texto, é correto afirmar: (01) which (l. 3) e which (l. 8) referem-se, respectivamente, a sound (l. 3) e a sound (l. 7). (02) better (l. 5) e worse (l. 6) são formas comparativas de good e badly, respectivamente. (04) hearing (l. 6) e word-comprehension (l. 6) funcionam como adjetivos. (08) subjects (l. 6) pode ser substituído, sem modificar o sentido, por people involved in the experiments. (16) shower (l. 8) tem o mesmo significado que snowy weather. (32) must (l. 11) expressa um conselho. 16

6 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Brazil s giant offshore oil discoveries A key argument of Peak-Oil and Fossil-Fuel theorists is no new giant oilfield discoveries have been made in recent years. Oil experts are locked into the belief that oil is a fossil fuel, and pretty soon we are bound to have found and drilled all the oil that ever was. What about Brazil? The experience of Brazil s offshore drilling is proving that giant new oil fields are out there, waiting to be discovered, just off shore along the continental shelf. Petrobras, Brazil s largest oil company is moving Brazil from being nearly 100 percent dependent on foreign oil imports only some 50 years ago, toward becoming a net oil exporter in the next few years. How? Brazil has realized spectacular results by developing the technology to drill ultra-deep offshore wells in Brazil s Barracuda and Caratinga oil fields, in the Campos Basin some 50 miles into the Atlantic Ocean east of Rio de Janeiro. Disponível em: < Acesso em: 30 jun De acordo com os estudiosos mencionados no primeiro período do fragmento, A) foram vantajosas as transações relativas à exportação do petróleo bruto nacional. B) foi perfurado, recentemente, igual número de poços de petróleo em mar e em terra. C) não foi interrompida a busca por petróleo a cinqüenta milhas da costa brasileira. D) não foram descobertos, nos últimos anos, novos campos significativos de petróleo. 53 No entendimento dos especialistas referidos na linha 2, é provável que A) sejam logo liberados subsídios para a implantação de projetos. B) o petróleo restante no planeta se esgote inteiramente em breve. C) o país intensifique as negociações comerciais no exterior. D) sejam retomadas as pesquisas sobre combustíveis fósseis. 17

7 Universidade Federal da Paraíba Global Food Crisis Across the globe, soaring food prices the highest since the mid-1970s are forcing more and more of the world s poor and disadvantaged children to go hungry. The World Food Program predicts that 30 countries will face particular pressure to feed their people this year. Riots have been reported in 34 countries around the globe over the cost and scarcity of food. However, this is not a short-term problem. Food crop prices are expected to remain at extraordinary levels through 2010, and remain high for at least a decade. The rising cost of food will force many families to make difficult decisions on how to spend their money. Parents may have to cut back on what and how much food they can provide their families with, remove their children from school because they cannot afford both food and school fees, reduce spending on health, or sell key productive assets in order to cope with dire economic circumstances. Younger children, especially those under the age of 2, are the most vulnerable to the impacts of prolonged hunger including weight loss and high susceptibility to illness. Over time, hunger and undernutrition result in permanent negative effects on physical and cognitive growth, from which children never recover. At worst, malnutrition is a major contributor to about half of all deaths of children under 5 years old around the world. Save the Children s food distribution programs provide carefully targeted relief in emergency contexts. The reduced availability of food aid needs to be fully addressed as the number of at risk populations increases. Save the Children s long-term programs also play a critical role in mitigating the food crisis. Two key programs Food Security and Hunger and Malnutrition aim to ensure that children live in food-secure households and are well-nourished. Disponível em: < Acesso em: 01 jul (Texto adaptado). 61. Match the idea to its corresponding paragraph: (1) Consequences of hunger on children. ( ) Paragraph 1 (2) High food prices and famine around the world. ( ) Paragraph 2 (3) Importance of children s programs on food distribution. ( ) Paragraph 3 (4) Negative effects of food prices on Home Economy. ( ) Paragraph 4 (5) Some examples of weight loss programs. The correct sequence is: a) 5, 2, 1, 4 b) 3, 5, 4, 2 c) 5, 4, 3, 2 d) 2, 4, 1, 3 e) 4, 3, 2, According to the text, the statement that points to the consequence of a global food crisis is: a) Food is getting expensive and scarce. b) Families are spending more money on households. c) Malnutrition is killing half of the children around the globe. d) Food programs are feeding people effectively. e) Populations in need are facing natural disasters. 18

8 Universidade de Pernambuco BETANCOURT IN HER OWN WORDS Thank you to the army, from my country of Colombia, thank you for your impeccable operation. The operation was perfect. This morning when I woke up, I prayed at four in the morning and put myself in the hands of God. We hoped that maybe one of us could be freed through an international commission, which you, the media, have talked about. I owe a lot to the media. If it had not been for you, I would probably not be alive. Those of you who took time to give us space on the radio, the possibility to communicate with our families, I owe you so much. They closed the helicopter s doors and I saw the commander who for four years had been in charge of us, who had been cruel, humiliating and despotic so many times. I saw him on the floor, naked blindfolded. I don t think I felt happiness, but rather pity, but I thanked God that I was with people who respect other people s lives, even when they are enemies. I know that with President Nicolas Sarkozy, with all French people, with all Europe, with the whole world that has supported us, we re going to keep fighting for the freedom of those who are still left behind. The people who are still there, the guerrillas that were our guards, we left them alive, I hope that they can stay alive and I hope they won t be unjustly dealt with for what happened. The operation was perfect. Let this instance of happiness not let us forget the others who have died. Peace must be made with the promise that there are no more kidnappings. Everyone has to feel that this national union is going to help us to get them all back safe and sound Adapted from According to the text above: 04. Who does Betancourt owe her own life? A) To the army. B) To Colombia. C) To the media. D) When she woke up. E) When she was freed in the morning. 05. How did Betancourt feel when she saw her commander knocked down? A) She felt naked. B) She felt humiliating. C) She felt happiness. D) She felt pity. E) She felt blindfolded. 19

9 Universidade Estadual de Alagoas Blaze rages in London s Soho district LONDON, England (CNN) -- A massive fire engulfed the fourstory offices of a major film company in central London on Friday, sending clouds of white smoke over the city skyline, the London fire department said. Two firefighters with minor injuries were to the hospital as a result of the Future Films building on Dean Street in the city s Soho district, London ambulance services said. The London Fire Brigade dispatched 12 engines and 55 firefighters to battle the blaze, began before2 p.m. (9 a.m. ET). As a result of the fire, an adjacent street -- the W1 -- has been closed to traffic and pedestrians. Future Films founder and managing director Stephen Margolis had no comment about the reported fire when reached by CNN. Future Films has been involved in the production of over 120 films Margolis created the company in 2000, including Bend it like Beckham (2002), The Importance of Being Earnest (2002), and Transsiberian (2008). Fonte: cnn.com 26. Qual das opções abaixo não é mencionada no texto? A) A gravidade dos ferimentos causados aos bombeiros levados ao hospital. B) Quantos andares tem o prédio. C) A causa do incêndio. D) O nome da companhia onde ocorreu o incêndio. E) A quantidade de carros de bombeiro enviados ao local. 27. Complete a frase retirada do texto com o verbo na forma correta: Two firefighters with minor injuries were to the hospital as a result of the Future Films building on Dean Street... A) took B) take C) taked D) taken E) taking 20

10 Universidade Federal de Sergipe Women Warriors Rachel Papo In 1988 I entered basic training as soldier number in the Israeli army. I [VERB] 18 years old. Since the Arab-Israeli war of 1948, both men and women have been required to serve in the military. The two years I [TO SPEND] as a soldier weren t easy. I struggled with the army s ways. Fourteen years later, as I [TO BEGIN] my photojournalism career in New York City, I decided to return to Israel with me camera. I hoped to make sense of [DEMONSTRATIVE] period of my life by visiting army bases to look at how young women today [TO COPE]. It was a little bit strange for me. I was so much older than the girls I photographed, and they didn t think of me as one of their. If anything, they saw me as just some lady from New York even though [PRONOUN + TO BE] na Israeli too. But the project isn t so much about Israel for me. It s about the complex and delicate spectrum of adolescent emotions. I get a lot of response about this work, and people all over the world seem to relate to it. I think your photographs depict the reality of [A VIDA DE UMA PESSOA MILITAR], regardless of gender, one Vietnam War veteran wrote me. I am one who believes the differences among us are fewer than we imagine. (National Geographic, October 2008) 26. Assinale como VERDADEIRAS as alternativas que contêm afirmações corretas em relação ao texto e como FALSAS as que não contêm. In the text, the correct form of 00 [VERB] is have. 11 [TO SPEND] is am going to spend. 22 [TO BEGIN] is began. 33 [TO COPE] is were coping. 44 [PRONOUN + TO BE] is she s. 27. Assinale como VERDADEIRAS as alternativas que contêm afirmações corretas em relação ao texto e como FALSAS as que não contêm. 00 O pronome me, sublinhado no texto, está correto por se tratar de objeto direto. 11 A forma correta de [DEMONSTRATIVE], no texto, é that. 22 O pronome their, sublinhado no texto, está INCORRETO e deveria ser substituído por them. 33 O pronome it, sublinhado no texto, refere-se a work, ou seja, o projeto que a autora está desenvolvendo. 44 O pronome us, sublinhado no texto, refere-se a men and women. 21

11 KEY REGIÃO NORDESTE Universidade Federal do Maranhão ) d) T F T 47) a) way; German researchers; accelerator. Universidade Estadual do Piauí ) d) every community. 52) e) claims the lives of nearly ninety Americans every day. 53) a) However, Americans feel it is not safe to walk down their own streets. Universidade Federal do Ceará ) b) Contraception was another factor. 62) e) unexpectedly. 63) b) the number of family members has decreased. Universidade Federal da Bahia ) (02) O aparelho fabricado para deficientes auditivos deve ser implantado atrás da orelha. (04) O novo invento é a prova d água e pode ser usado ininterruptamente. (08) A bateria do aparelho deve ser recarregada todas as noites por, no mínimo, uma hora. (16) O aparelho implantado, segundo os pacientes, reproduz um som mais natural. 30) (02) better (l. 6) e worse (l. 7) são formas comparativas de good e badly, respectivamente. (04) hearing (l. 7) e wordcomprehension (l. 8) funcionam como adjetivos. (08) subjects (l. 8) pode ser substituído, sem modificar o sentido, por people involved in the experiments. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte ) d) não foram descobertos, nos últimos anos, novos campos significativos de petróleo. 53) b) o petróleo restante no planeta se esgote inteiramente em breve. Universidade Federal da Paraíba ) d) 2, 4, 1, 3 62) a) Food is getting expensive and scarce. Universidade de Pernambuco ) c) To the media. 05) d) She felt pity. Universidade Estadual de Alagoas ) (d) O nome da companhia onde ocorreu o incêndio. 27) (c) taked Universidade Federal de Sergipe ) F [VERB] is have. F [TO SPEND] is am going to spend. V [TO BEGIN] is began. V [TO COPE] is were coping. F [PRONOUN + TO BE] is she s. 27) F O pronome me, sublinhado no texto, está correto por se tratar de objeto direto. V A forma correta de [DEMONSTRATIVE], no texto, é that. V O pronome their, sublinhado no texto, está INCORRETO e deveria ser substituído por them. V O pronome it, sublinhado no texto, refere-se a work, ou seja, o projeto que a autora está desenvolvendo. V O pronome us, sublinhado no texto, referese a men and women. 22