MegaCidades e a Mudança Climática

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2 MegaCidades e a Mudança Climática

3 C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group

4 A Rede de Cidades C40 Addis Ababa Amsterdam Athens Austin Bangkok Barcelona Basel Beijing Berlin Bogota Buenos Aires Cairo Caracas Changwon Chicago Copenhagen Curitiba Delhi Dhaka Hanoi Heidelberg Ho Chi Minh City Hong Kong Houston Istanbul Jakarta Johannesburg Karachi Lagos Lima London Los Angeles Madrid

5 A importância da C40 8% of all humans 5% of global GHG emissions 21% $$$$$ of global GDP

6 A importância da C40 8% da população 5% da emissão global GEE 21% $$$$$ do PIB global

7 A importância da C40 1 BILHÃO DE TONS DE REDUÇÃO POTENCIAL

8 A importância da C40 1 BILHÃO DE TONS DE REDUÇÃO POTENCIAL

9 A importância da C40

10 A importância da C40

11 As cidades estão fazendo

12 As cidades controlam e decidem City streets & parking Outdoor lighting Transit Residential waste Landfills Building regulation Water supply 87% 80% 63% 66% 60% 57% 60% City planning 50%

13 As cidades lideram as ações 4734 climate actions City streets & parking Outdoor lighting Transit Residential waste Landfills Building regulation Water supply City planning

14 O que a C40 realmente faz?

15 C40 cria REDES TEMÁTICAS INTERCÂMBIOS TÉCNICOS APOIO À PROJETOS PESQUISA & CONHECIMENTO

16 C40 promove APOIO DIRETO INTERCÂMBIOS TÉCNICOS APOIO À PROJETOS PESQUISA & CONHECIMENTO

17 C40 compartilha CONHECIMENTO INTERCÂMBIOS TÉCNICOS APOIO À PROJETOS PESQUISA & CONHECIMENTO

18 As cidades estao IMPACTANDO

19 Cidades estão liderando AGENDA Tackling Climate Change: New Reports Underscore Role Of Local Leaders An Unlikely Power Duo Emerges in the Global Fight Against Climate Change World Bank to Help Cities Control Climate Change By ALEXEI BARRIONUEVO Published: June 1, 2011 SÃO PAULO, Brazil The World Bank signed an agreement on Cities From London to Portland Slash Emissions as UN Climate Envoys Bicker Q Mayors reach climate deal with World Bank (AFP) Jun 1,

20 C40 está IMPACTANDO Iniciativa Comunidades Sustentáveis:

21 Iniciativa Comunidades Sustentáveis: Duas Redes temáticas (1) O Programa de Desenvolvimento Positivo ao Clima reúne 18 projetos pioneiros pelo mundo que formalizaram sua intenção em serem líderes da agenda climática e reduzir as emissões em seus empreendimentos. O programa é um laboratório urbano para grandes projetos de desenvolvimento urbano com foco em crescimento econômico sustentável com emissão zero. Foi criado para enfrentar o duplo desafio de rápido crescimento urbano e mudanças climáticas. Liderança: Estocolmo e São Paulo (2) Rede de Desenvolvimento Urbano Sustentável: 22 cidades trabalham juntas para identificar áreas especificas sobre desenvolvimento urbano. VISION EXERCISE: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Singapura e Melbourne.

22 PROGRAMA DE TESTES COM ONIBUS ELÉTRICOS E HIBRÍDOS NA AMÉRICA LATINA Bogotá, Rio de Janeiro, Santiago e São Paulo

23 Conclusão geral sobre consumo energético Trólebus Redução de 56% Elétrico Bateria Ferro Redução de 81% Elétrico Bateria Lítio Redução 73% Híbridos: Redução média de 31%.

24 HYBRID ELECTRIC BUS TEST PROGRAM IN LATIN AMERICA: Economic Analysis of the Program Prepared by:

25 Lifecycle costs of hybrid and electric buses are lower than costs for diesel buses due to preferential financing options Lifecycle Costs ( 000 BRL, 10-Year Net Present Value) Sao Paulo year total Taxes Maintenance Fuel/Energy Financing Capital investment and salvage value Financing Maintenance costs Salvage Value Diese Hybrid High Case Hybrid Low Case Electric l 1,367 1,321 1,242 1,018 10% interest 5 year term (baseline) 20% of bus value (BRL 98,600) 5% interest 10 year term +20% higher than diesel 10% of battery value 5% interest 10 year term -10% lower than diesel 30% of battery value 5% interest 10 year term -50% lower than diesel 30% of battery value Electric buses achieve ~30% lower lifecycle costs than diesel Even with 20% higher maintenance costs, hybrids are more attractive than diesel Assumes electric buses are partially produced/assembled locally. 10-year diesel costs includes purchase/resale of new bus after 5 years of operation. Capital investment includes deduction for salvage value; Taxes include annual taxes related to bus ownership. Bus costs/initial taxes are as follows: Diesel (BRL 296K/ BRL 123K), Hybrid (BRL 493K/BRL 146K), Electric (BRL 735K/BRL 175K). Battery total value for hybrids are BRL 163K; For electrics value is BRL 340K. Salvage value represents % of total value discounted to year zero.

26 Potential Fleet Transition in São Paulo, São Paulo uptake: Fleet conversion will be required to meet mandates of Climate Change Law by 2018 Sao Paulo Additional ~800 buses enter service for BRTs; 1/3 of new BRT buses are hybrid Another ~250 electric buses enter service Incremental conversion of ~2% of fleet to hybrid and electric buses annually, rising to 5% in 2016 and 10% in 2019 By 2023 over 3/4 of fleet is composed of hybrid or electric buses , , ,860 6, ,325 6,045 1,395 2,790 5,115 1,860 3,255 4,185 2,139 3,534 3,627 2,418 3,813 3,069 2,697 4,092 2,511 2,976 4,371 1,953 9,300 3,255 4,650 1,395 Hybrid (35%) Electric (50%) Diesel (15%) Assumptions and Drivers of Change: Local production to avoid Import tax and/or reduction of taxes Climate Change Law provides exemption for hybrid (diesel) buses, catalyzing their growth Share of hybrid and electric buses in fleet reaches 55% by 2018; Remaining diesel buses shift to biodiesel blend & sugarcane to comply with Climate Law Share of hybrid and electric buses increases by 5% points in each year from 2014 to 2018, growth slowing starting in 2019 Source: Dalberg estimates based on projections and assumed annual conversion rates

27 C40 OLHANDO PARA FUTURO Johannesburg to host 2014 Mayors Summit C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group and World Resources Institute Partner to Promote City Transit Solutions C40 & Siemens Announce Broad Collaboration on Cities and Sustainability

28 C40 OLHANDO PARA FUTURO

29 ACOMPANHEM NOSSOS PROGRESSOS MUITO C40 Cities Adalberto Maluf City Director, Sao Paulo