Referencial table of cardiopulmonary fitness

Transcrição

1 EISSN doi: /fpj e Referencial table of cardiopulmonary fitness Original Article Rodolfo de Alkmim Moreira Nunes, M.Sc. (CRM ) Universidade Estácio de Sá Brasil. Programa Stricto Sensu em Ciência da Motricidade Humana da Universidade Castelo Branco Brasil. Guilherme Fernando Roriz Pontes, Esp. (CREF G/DF-899) Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício (LAFIEX) Brasília Brasil. Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas, Ph.D. (CREF 3G/SC-0141) Programa Stricto Sensu em Ciência da Motricidade Humana da Universidade Castelo Branco Brasil. Programa Stricto Sensu em Ciência da Saúde da Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte Brasil. Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício Universidade Estácio de Sá Niterói Brasil. José Fernandes Filho, Ph.D. (CREF 1G/RJ-0066) Programa Stricto Sensu em Ciência da Motricidade Humana da Universidade Castelo Branco Brasil. NUNES, R. A. M.; PONTES, G. F. R.; DANTAS, P. M. S.; FERNANDES FILHO, J. Referencial table of cardiopulmonary fi tness. Fitness & Performance Journal, v. 4, n. 1, p , ABSTRACT: The evaluation of the cardiopulmonary fi tness allows us to quantify work load appropriately. Moreover, máx permits to determine the degree of aerobic condition (Wilmore & costill, 1994). This variable is important to evaluate cardiovascular risc, funcional capacity and objective instruction of physical exercise. The present study ellaborates reference tables of cardiopulmonary scores of health guys from different ages, of both sex in Brazil. A normative study according to Morrow Jr, Jackson, Disch and Mood (2003), was stablished with a database LAFIEX totalizing voluntiers. Average (x) and scattered measurement from bend standard (s) were employed. Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to observe normal distribution the same presents a signity degree of homogeneous and symmetry. Ttto characteristic the amostral group was used the midle values of IMC (weight and high) for age in male sex: 20 to 29 years (x=22.6, s=1.7), 30 to 39 years (x=23.9, s=1.8), 40 to 49 years (x=24.8, s=2.2), 50 to 59 years (x=26.8, s=2.9), 60 to 69 years (x=26.9, s=3.2) and above 70 years (x=27.8, s=3.7) and in the female 20 to 29 years (x=21.4, s=2.2), 30 to 39 years (x=22.0, s=1.9), 40 to 49 years (x=22.5, s=2.4), 50 to 59 (x=24.0, s=2.3), 60 to 69 years (x=24.7, s=2.2) and above 70 years (x=26.3, s=1.7). Verify the máx through the gas analyzer Aerosport TEEM 100 from the ramp protocol in the cycle ergometry. The midle value of 50% as reference for age in male sex: 20 to 29 years (x=36.6, s=9.3), 30 to 39 years (x=33.6, s=8.9), 40 to 49 years (x=30.3, s=8.1), 50 to 59 years (x=26.2, s=6.8) 60 to 69 years (x=24.5, s=5.9) and above 70 years (x=24.1, s=6.6), and in the female 20 to 29 years (x=32.0, s=6.2), 30 to 39 years (x=29.7, s=6.1), 40 to 49 years (x=27.3, s=6.6), 50 to 59 years (x=24.0, s=6.6), 60 to 69 years (x=21.3, s=4.7) and above 70 years (x=20.8, s=4.2). To classify qualifi ed was used the norm of percentil as reference of fi sical fi tness model relationship to healthy, stablishing cut in 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% and the qualifi cations of very faint, regular lower (below the average), regular higher (above the average), good and excelent respective to the cardiopulmonary apt. Keywords: Cardiopulmonary apt; máx; referencial table. Correspondence to: Estr. Rio Morto 197, bl. 7, 102 Vargem Grande Rio de Janeiro CEP: Submitted: August / 2004 Accepted: Octuber / 2004 Copyright 2008 por Colégio Brasileiro de Atividade Física, Saúde e Esporte Fit Perf J Rio de Janeiro Jan/Feb

2 RESUMO Tabela referencial de condicionamento cardiorrespiratório A avaliação do condicionamento cardiorrespiratório nos permite quantificar e direcionar o trabalho físico adequadamente. O fato de ter acesso aos valores do máx, permite determinar o grau de aptidão física aeróbica geral, com respeito às exigências da sua modalidade desportiva (WILMORE & COSTILL, 1994). A qualificação desta variável é importante na avaliação do risco cardiovascular, capacidade funcional, rendimento esportivo e prescrição objetiva do exercício físico. O presente estudo centra-se em elaborar tabelas referenciais de aptidão cardiorrespiratória, para indivíduos saudáveis, não atletas, de diferentes faixas etárias, de ambos os sexos, no Brasil. Estudo normativo, segundo Morrow Jr., Jackson, Disch e Mood (2003), em que se utilizou o banco de dados do LAFIEX com voluntários. Para estatística descritiva foram utilizadas medidas de tendência central como média (x) e também medidas de dispersão através do desvio padrão (s). O teste de Kolmogorov- Smirnov foi utilizado a fim de se observar a distribuição da curva de normalidade, destacando se a mesma apresenta um grau significativo de homogeneidade e simetria. Para caracterização do grupo amostral utilizou-se os valores médios do IMC (massa corporal e estatura) por faixa etária, no sexo masculino: 20 a 29 anos (x=22,6, s=1,7), 30 a 39 anos (x=23,9, s=1,8), 40 a 49 anos (x=24,8, s=2,2) 50 a 59 anos (x=26,8, s=2,9) 60 a 69 anos (x=26,9, s=3,2) e acima de 70 anos (x=27,8, s=3,7); e no feminino: 20 a 29 anos (x=21,4, s=2,2), 30 a 39 anos (x=22,0, s=1,9), 40 a 49 anos (x=22,5, s=2,4) 50 a 59 anos (x=24,0, s=2,3) 60 a 69 anos (x=24,7, s=2,2) e acima de 70 anos (x=26,3, s=1,7). Verificou-se o máx através do analisador de gases Aerosport TEEM 100 pelo protocolo de rampa no cicloergômetro. Obtendo o valor médio de 50% como referência por faixa etária, no sexo masculino: 20 a 29 anos (x=36.6, s=9,3), 30 a 39 anos (x=33,6, s=8,9), 40 a 49 anos (x=30,3, s=8,1) 50 a 59 anos (x=26,2, s=6,8) 60 a 69 anos (x=24,5, s=5,9) e acima de 70 anos (x=24,1, s=6,6); e no feminino: 20 a 29 anos (x=32,0, s=6,2), 30 a 39 anos (x=29,7, s=6,1), 40 a 49 anos (x=27,3, s=6,6) 50 a 59 anos (x=24,0, s=6,6) 60 a 69 anos (x=21,3, s=4,7) e acima de 70 anos (x=20,8, s=4,2). Para classificar qualitativamente foi utilizada a norma de percentil como referência de padrões de aptidão física relacionados à saúde, estabelecendo cortes em 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% e 90%, e as qualificações de muito fraco, fraco, regular inferior (abaixo da média), regular superior (acima da média), bom e excelente para a aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Palavras-chave: Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória; máx; Tabela referencial. RESUMEN Tabla referencial de condicionamiento cardiorrespiratorio La valuación del condicionamiento cardiorrespiratorio permite cuantificar y planificar el trabajo adecuadamente. Conocer sobre los valores del máx, permite determinar el grado de aptitud física aerobia general, sobre las exigências de su modalidad deportiva (WILMORE & COSTILL,1994). La determinación de esta variable es muy importante para evaluar el riesgo cardiovascular, la capacidad funcional, el rendimiento deportivo y la determinación objetiva Del ejercicio físico. En este estudio se elaboró tablas de referencias de la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, para individuos con salud no atletas de diferentes edades, de los dos géneros en Brasil. Estudio normativo según Morrow Jr., Jackson, Disch y Mood (2003), donde se utilizó la base de dados del LAFIEX con voluntarios. Para la estadística descriptiva se utilizaron medidas de tendência central como media (x) y también medidas de dispersión por medio de la desviación típica (s). El teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov fue utilizado para obtener la distribución de la curva de normalidad, observando sí la misma presenta um grado significativo de homogeneidad y simetría. Para la caracterización Del grupo evaluado se utilizó los valores medios del IMC (peso y talla) por franja de edad en el sexo masculino: 20 a 29 años (x = 22.6, s = 1.7), 30 a 39 años (x = 23.9, s = 1.8), 40 a 49 años (x = 24.8, s = 2.2) 50 a 59 años (x = 26.8, s = 2.9) 60 a 69 años (x = 24.7, s = 2.2) y encima de 70 años (x = 26.3, s = 1.7). Se verificó la máx por medio del analizador de gases Aerosport TEEM 100 por el protocolo de rampa en cicloergometro. Con valor medio de 50% como referencia por franja de edad en el sexo masculino: 20 a 29 años (x = 36.6, s = 9.3), 30 a 39 años (x = 33.6, s = 8.9) 40 a 49 años (x = 30.3, s = 8.1) 50 a 59 años (x = 26.2, s=6.8) 60 a 69 años (x = 24.5, s = 5.9) y por encima de los 70 años (x = 24.1, s = 6.6); y en el femenino 20 a 29 años (x = 32.0, s = 6.2) 30 a 39 años (x = 29.7, s = 6.1), 40 a 49 años (x = 27.3, s=6.6) 50 a 59 años (x = 24.0, s = 6.6) 60 a 69 años (x = 21.3, s = 4.7) y encima de los 70 años (x = 20.8, s = 4.2). Para clasificar cualitativamente fue utilizada la norma del percentil como referencia de patrón de aptitud física relacionados con la salud determinando cortes en 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% y 90%, y la calificación de muy flaco, flaco, regular inferior (debajo de la media), regular superior (encima de la media) bueno e excelente respectivamente para la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria. Palabras clave: Aptitud Cardiorrespiratoria; máx; Tabla referencial INTRODUCTION In the last decades, in Brazil there was an increasing awareness on the physical aptitude among individuals from all age groups. The participation in physical of moderate and intense intensity has increased and spread over the beaches, parks, fi tness centers, clubs creatively and competitively (Novaes, 2001). The contribution of physical exercise for the improvement of health, sensatio of welfare and life quality is nowadays recognized by several groups of specialists, highlighting Pieron (2004), Fardy, Yanowits & Wilson (1998), Pate et al. (1995), Fletcher et al. (1996), Gheths & Moraes (2004), Santos et al.(2002), NIH (1996) and ACSM (2003). However, it is important to comprehend the individual characteristics so that it is likely to guide effectively the physical training to keep up with good levels of health according to age and sex. The capacity of carrying out exercise of mean and long during is related to aerobic metabolism, and the is the most used index to represent it (Denadai, 1999). The fact of having access to the values of imum consumption of oxygen ( ) allows determining the degree of general aerobic physical aptitude of a certain individual, as regards the demands inherent to the sports modality, based on the profi le derived from statistical studies, which characterize other individuals who of the the same sport or practice the same modality at a fi tness center (Wilmore & Costil, 1994). According to Nunes et al. (2003), the evaluation of physical capacity allows us quantifying and guiding the study properly, besides obtaining informations which indicate whether the individual is really carrying out the exercise correctly to achieve effi ciently the proponed goals. As the is an important variable related to the performance and a productivity of the human being, the qualifi cation of it is important to evalute the cardiovascular risk, functional capacity, sports performance and an objective prescription of physical exercises. Myers (1996) highlights the importance reference tables for the qualifi cation and monitoring of the functional evolution, because both at the athletic and pathological levels meet the epidemiological measures in the promotion of health. A absence of national reference available for the correct qualifi cation of aerobic physical aptitude, based on true values of the ) has caused the programs for exercise and physical 28 Fit Perf J, Rio de Janeiro, 4, 1, 28, Jan/Feb 2005

3 prefortion to be elaborated with big mistakes. This may come to do harm in many cases for those who follow them because in the expectancy for improvement of physical form they are preparing above the wrong formeter bringing about innocuous or pernicious results (Ghorayeb & Barros Neto, 1999). Owing to the relevance of the areas of employment, it becomes necessary the use of the correct reference tables for in different age groups for non-athlete individuals of both sexes in Brazil. OBJECTIVES The study herein focuses on elaborating reference tables for the in different age groups for healthy non-athletes of both sexes no Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS A normative study, according to Morrow Jr., Jackson, Disch, Mood (2003), makes use of data to elaborate patterns of criteria of reference for test of human performance. The method invols the establishment of norms for capacities and performances, with transversal approach, in which consists of a sample of individuals who are volunteers, healthy, non-athletes, of both the sexos, chosen randomically among students aged above 20 years. The volunteers were evaluated by means of Aerosport TEEM 100 gas analyzer by the protocol of ramp in a cycloerometer in the Laboratory of Physiology of the Exercise LAFIEX in Brasília, in Brazil. For the descriptive statistics, it was used measures of central tendency as mean (x) and also measures of dispersion using standard deviation (s). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to oberve the distribution of the reference curve, checking whether this presents a signifi cative degree of homogeneity and symmetry. It was use the percentile norm as a reference of patterns of physical aptitude related to the health of the Cooper Institute, Morrow et al. (2003) establishes cuts of 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 90%, with a mean in 50%, and the qualifi cations of very Male: BMI (Kg/m2) n x s minimum imum Female: BMI (Kg/m2) n x s minimum imum weak, weak, lower regular (below average), upper regular (above average), good and excellent for a fi tness cardiorespiratory. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS Characterization of the sample universe It was conducted the characterization of the sample universe by the normative values of BMI related to sex and age gropus. In relation to the quantitative diagnosis of obesity, we can observe that the mean value of the male table up to 50 year is of nonobese (normal); between 50 and 70 years is of overweight; and after 70 years is moderately obese with high pathological risk. In the female table, the mean value up to 70 years is of non-obese (normal) and above 70 years is of moderately obese with high pathological risk too. (Neves & Santos, 2003). Whereas in another more careful tab conducted by WHO in 1995, the mean value of the male table up to 50 years and the female up to 70 years is considered as normal, although after such ages the mean value is considered as mean overweight 1 (Fernandes Filho, 2003). Curve of normal values of in mlo 2 /kg/ min Distribution under a curve of normal values of in mlo 2 / kg/min relative to sex by age groups. The test of homogeneity and symmetry of Kolmogorov-Smirnov denotes that distribution of normal values of in the male scale are under the curve of reference up to 60 years (sig.p < up to 50 years and p = between 50 and 59 years) and after the referred age the distribution of values of the is not well behaved under the normal curve (sig.p = for years and upward 70 years, both > 0.05), implying a signifi cant degree of heterogeneity and asymmetry. Distribution under the curve of normal values of in mlo 2 /kg/min relative to the female sex by age groups. The test of homogeneity and symmetry of Kolmogorov-Smirnov indicates that the distribution of normal values of the Male: Normal values of in mlo 2 /kg/min. n x s minimum imum Female: Values Normal of em mlo 2 /kg/min. n x s , minimum imum Fit Perf J, Rio de Janeiro, 4, 1, 29, Jan/Feb

4 on the female scale are under reference curve of up to 70 years (sig.p < up to 50 years, p = between 50 and 59 years and p = between 60 and 69 years), and after this age, the distribution of values of is not well behaved under the normal curve (sig.p = > 0.05), implying a signifi cant degree of heterogeneity and asymmetry. Normal values of in mlo /kg/min 2 Continuing the comparative analysis of the means of the respective age groups, it was used the One-way ANOVA test for a variable, using the discretionary variable the age group. It was used as a Post-Hoc test the Scheffe procedures. The results are shown according to the tables below: The decrease in the mean values means of the by age group according to what was observed in the male table was 0.4 mlo 2 / kg/ minute a year, from 20 to 60 years, and in the female table 0.3 mlo 2 / kg/ minute a year, from 20 to 70 years. This decrease is in compliance with several authors such as Wilmore & Costill (2001), Skinner (1991), McArdle, Katch & Katch (1992), Frontera, Dawson & Slovik (2001) and Williams (2002). Skinner (1991) reveals that, although aging start right after birth, this is counterbalanced by growth. But the effects of it are followed when we stop growing up around 20 years; it is likely to be noticed around 30 years of age when the fi tness cardiorespiratory may be at around 13 to 12 METs for men and women respectively. We would have a fall in the values of the of nearly 1 MET every 7 years or 0.5 mlo 2 / kg/ minute a year. A transversal study conducted by Wilmore & Costill (2001) demonstrated that women present a lower rate of decrease of mean values of with age. A difference was nearly 0.2 a 0.5 mlo 2 / kg/ minute a year. Based on the data of a study of transversal cut, McArdle, Katch & Katch (1992) calculated that after 25 years the declines constantly nearly 1% yearly, that is, 0.4 mlo 2 / kg/ minute a year. This rate of decrease is two times faster in sedentary individuals than in active individuals as they age. In transversal analysis, Frontera, Dawson & Slovik (2001) suggest that the pace decreased gradually nearly 10% for age group decade. Seeing that the Fc decreased with age, independent of the training, and the has a mandatory decrease of 5%. Therefore, the decrease between 5% and 10% would depend on the level of training. The mean values of the for women is only 70% of the mean values of for men. The decrease of the happens gradually, between 5% and 10% for age group decade. However, women are always in limit below this amplitude. There is a linear decrease in cardiorespiratory fi tness and in the with an increase of age, at a rate of nearly of 1% a year. The imum aerobic power decreases nearly 0.4 mlo 2 / kg/ minute a year between the ages of 20 and 65 years for men, and 0.3 mlo 2 / kg/ minute for women. Williams (2002) refers that this Distribución bajo una curva de los valores normales de máx en mlo 2 /kg/min relativo al sexo masculino por franjas etarias. Distribución bajo una curva de los valores normales de máx en mlo 2 /kg/min relativo al sexo femenino por franjas etarias. 30 Fit Perf J, Rio de Janeiro, 4, 1, 30, Jan/Feb 2005

5 decrease of the is nearly two times faster in sedentary individuals than physically active individuals. Skinner (1991) affi rms that there is a gradual and linear decrease of the mean values of with age. This linear decrease is similar to men and women, seeing that the women s normal curve is nearly 9 mlo 2 / kg/ minute than the men s. Skinner also observes a comparison between the decrease of mean values of the for decade, between female athletes and sedentary, aged between 20 and 69 years, with results of 7% and 8%, respectively, even with the fi rst group with values of the quite higher. According to Rouquayrol and Almeida Filho (1999) the decrease of mean values of observed in the male table after the 60 years of age is nearly 0.2 mlo 2 / kg/ minute a year, in the age group from 60 to 69 years, that is, 6.5% for decade, besides 0.1 mlo 2 / kg/ minute a year above 70 years, that is, 1.7% a decade. The same phenomenon occurs in the female table that, after 70 years old, presents a decrease of nearly 0.7 mlo 2 / kg/ minute a year, that is, 2.3% a decade and can be explained through the Guedes s indicator, which facilitates the checking of percentage of mean values Moraes s curve of proportional mortality for age group in Brazil, in which the indices proportional mortality increase from 23.9% to 63.9%, occurring the natural selection of individuals with healthier habits (phenotype) and family inheritance (genotype) favorable (ROUQUAYROL & ALMEIDA FILHO, 1999). Certainly when we observed only the values of relative and not the absolute, we would be subtracting the rise of values of body mass with age and therefore disguising the values of decrease of for age group decade (Wilmore & Costill, 2001). Another relevant observation in relation to the study is that it is as well as other studies reported, it was conducted transversally, that is, adopting individuals with different age. On the other had, longitudinal studies are made diffi cult to monitor the subject during the period of data collection and as a consequence we lack individuals. Wilmore & Costill (2001) refer to a longitudinal study with 35 Swedish women above 21 years, with decrease of mean values of of 0,4 mlo 2 /kg/minute a year, similar to men. When it is used the parameter of normative analysis of values of transversally in such an expressive sample universe, it is found disperse individual in all age groups, as observed in the following graphs. The analysis start to be individual within the sample universe, and therefore with several phonotypic determining factors. Qualification through the percentile norm Certain studies emphasized the importance of the normative value of 50% as a reference and did not take care of rating the cardiorespiratory fi tness. The AHA (1996) and Souza et al. (2003) investigated active individuals, apparently healthy, both sexes, aged above of 20 years, percentile of 50% as the mean value mean of reference for health. The Cooper Institute (apud Morrow et al., 2003) published in 1987 norms of percentile (10, 25, 50, 75, 90) of reference for physical aptitude, for a group particularly defi ned, that is, it was determined the levels of performance to observe the physical aptitude. The percentile of 50% is defi ned as a normative mean of reference related to the health. A rating of cardiorespiratory fi tness, according to the ACSM (2003), was obtained in a study conducted in 1994 by the Institute of Aerobic Research of Dallas, which used American college students predominantly anglo-saxon. The was estimated through the Balke protocol adapted for a belt conveyor. The percentile norm used was the following: right above the mean (90%), above the mean (70%), mean (50%), below the mean (30%) and right below of the mean (10%). The study also suggests that the with low percentile of 20% may increase the risk of mortality. Myers s study (1996) provides norms of evaluation for (mlo 2 /kg/min). The values were attained by the system of analysis of expired gases using the Rampa protocol until exhaustion on a belt conveyor. It is used the percentile norms (10, 25, 50, 75, 90) of reference of physical aptitude, with seven ratings: very bad, bad, below the mean, mean, above the mean, good and excellent. Therefore, the use of the values of the in percentile of 50% would be basically the reference in almost all tables of normative values fi tness cardiorespiratory, as in the study herein, in which it was use the percentile norms as reference of patterns of physical aptitude related to health. According to Morrow Jr. et al. (2003), the individuals who are below 50% in the test are encouraged to attain the athlete level. Fit Perf J, Rio de Janeiro, 4, 1, 31, Jan/Feb

6 From this standpoint, it is the established the cuts of 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 90%, having in 50% the normative mean value mean and, the more they distance from the center, they would be the two ends of the table of physical aptitude, that is, in the upper limit, the high level sportspeople, and in the lower limit, the sedentary and the pathological. The ratings were divided in below the mean (25% to 50%) and above the mean (50% to 75%), the values close to the mean value. The mark would be 50% (mean), value to be attained by individuals rated as lower regular which, attaining the value corresponding do the mean (50%), would be rated as upper regular. With the rating below 25%, the individual may increase the risk of contract a cardiorespiratory pathology and up to the 10% would be rated as weak. Reducing the value of of the 10% (lower limit) in the percentile scale, the pathological risk would be high and the rating is rated very weak. If rated below 75%, the individual would have a good genetic load g or would be training heavily, receiving a good rating. Distancing from the mean, this can attain the value of upper 90% (upper limit) in percentile scale and achieve the status of athlete. To maintain the simplicity achieved by the tables of the AHA (1972), the most used internationally until today, the results are quantifi ed in the form of integers without decimals, make it easy the evaluators action in the moment of rating. CONCLUSION Elaborating the tables with solid parameters with scientifi c authenticity, a study with methodological rigor using the most modern equipments for the gas collection through the consistent Rampa protocol in cycleergometer, which is widely used nowadays. The study herein presented a referential table, directed to several physical activity uses at fi tness centers to qualify the healthy individuals as regards their functional fi tness through the imum consumption of oxygen, using the direct scientifi cally-based method aiming to provide more support to the individuals who are not deemed as the pathological and athletesm they go to fi tness center regularly without the necessary guidance for exercises, be it for preventing ou leisure. All the referenced studies on the making of cardiorespiratory fi tness tables were performed by means of protocols using belt conveyors. The mean values, therefore, reasonably presented in it are nearly 6% to 11% inferior to the values of the referenced international tables (MCardle, Katch & Katch, 1992). The vertical cyclo ergometer was chosen because, besides meeting the goals, is the most used ergometer in fi tness centers, clinics and so on for physical reconditioning, for it presents some facility for monitoring of individuals and the values of are not overdimensioned, what would be the main concern in the training prescription (MACHADO et al., 2003). The making of it was oriented according to international norms of the Cooper Institueo Cooper, using the same normative mean value of 50% that ACSM (2003), AHA (1996) and Myers (1996) allege. These are the very six ratings of cardiorespiratory fi tness that Cooper (1970) used to qualify the mean values by corresponding age groups. And also the specifi c and personalized protocol which Myers (1996) used in his study on cardiorespiratory fi tness. The researchers have observed how the cardiorespiratory fi tness is determined by sex, age and genetic load. According to Tritschler (2003) there are three factors which infl uence signifi cantly on and cannot be controlled because they are hereditary. Frontera, Dawson & Slovik (2001) highlight that from 25% to 50% of the registered variations, in the values of, are related to genetic factors. However, it is important that the tables are Men: (mlo 2 /kg/min.). rate Percentile >70 n Very weak 10% <25 <23 <20 <18 <17 <16 Weak 25% Lower Regular. 50% Upper Regular 75% Good 90% Excellent >49 >45 >41 >35 >33 >32 The tables present the values of on a percentile escale and qualifi cation of cardiorespiratory fi tness for pre-established age group for both sexes. Women: (mlo 2 /kg/min.). rating Percentile >70 n Very weak 10% <24 <22 <19 <16 <15 <15 Weak 25% Regular inf. 50% Regular sup. 75% Good 90% Excellent >40 >38 >36 >33 >28 >26 32 Fit Perf J, Rio de Janeiro, 4, 1, 32, Jan/Feb 2005

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