Reviewing the Brazilian Vegetation Classification System to address REDD+ needs

Transcrição

1 Joint GFOI / GOFC-GOLD / CONABIO / SilvaCarbon R&D Expert and Capacity Building workshop on: Regional solutions to forest type stratification and characterising the forest state for national forest monitoring and carbon emissions reporting (REDD+ MRV and LULUCF) Reviewing the Brazilian Vegetation Classification System to address REDD+ needs Dalton M. Valeriano INPE Brazilian National Institute for Space Research CONABIO, Mexico City June 7-10, 2016

2 PRODES - INPE s Amazon Deforestation Monitoring PRODES monitoring program lauched Oriented to deforested area calculation Object: Clear cut with MMA of 6.25 ha Based on yearly wall to wall maps from classification of TM/Landsat, CBERS/CCD, ResourceSat/LISS-3, DMC, SPOT/HRC Restricited to forested areas in Brazilian Legal Amazon Region

3 Then applied to deforestation control, GHG reporting, academic studies, public awareness PRODES - INPE s Amazon Deforestation Monitoring Monitoring program started in 1988 Oriented to deforested area calculation Object: Clear cut with MMA of 6.25 ha Based on yearly wall to wall maps from classification of TM/Landsat, CBERS/CCD, ResourceSat/LISS-3, DMC, SPOT/HRC Restricited to forested areas in Brazilian Legal Amazon Region Originally conceived as a metric to evaluate effectiveness of deforestaton control policies In 2003 deforestation maps were made available in internet

4 From deforestation control to REDD Brazil launches the Government Plan to to Prevent and Control Deforestation in the Amazon PPCDAm Deforestation level drops significantly PRODES transparency and PPCDAm sound results become basis for the agreement between Brazil and Norway on payment for voluntary deforestation reduction, a bilateral REDD+ test case. BNDES/Amazon Fund

5 From deforestation control to REDD Brazil launches the Government Plan to to Prevent and Control Deforestation in the Amazon PPCDAm Deforestation level drops significantly PRODES transparency and PPCDAm sound results become basis for the agreement between Brazil and Norway on payment for voluntary deforestation reduction, a bilateral REDD+ test case PRODES data is used in Brazilian Submission of Forest Reference Emission Level, FREL, a first step to install REDD+ mechanisms for the country. Regional and partial submission

6 Further initiatives towards national MRV system INPE s State of the Forest Monitoring Programs: Forest Degradation (DEGRAD) Forest Logging (DETEX)

7 Further initiatives towards national MRV system INPE s State of the Amazon Forest Monitoring Programs: Forest Degradation (DEGRAD) Forest Logging (DETEX)

8 Further initiatives towards national MRV system INPE s State of the Amazon Forest Monitoring Programs: Forest Degradation (DEGRAD) Forest Logging (DETEX)

9 Further initiatives towards national MRV system INPE s State of the Amazon Forest Monitoring Programs: Forest Degradation (DEGRAD) Forest Logging (DETEX)

10 Present monitoring approach Multiscale continuous monitoring: DETER-A ( m) Activity alert DETER-B (60m) (*) DETER-C (30 m) (*) (*) Deforestation (3 classes) Logging (2 classes) Fire scar

11 Further initiatives towards national MRV system REDD+ Working Group National definition of Forest Degradation for REDD+ policies Strategies to monitor forest degradation and forest regeneration Forest regeneration is being adresses by th Land Use Monitoring Program TerraClass Ministerial Ordinances for LULUCF Monitoring System (Nov 2015, May 2016) Action Plan toward the National Monitoring System

12 Further initiatives towards national MRV system Ministerial Ordinance for LULUFC Monitoring System (nov 2015) Sets the Action Plan toward the National Monitoring System, including FREL Priorities Amazon, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Pantanal, Pampa Themes Deforestation, Forest Degradation, Forest Regeneration, Land Use Timeline Fundings Government, BR-NO Amazon Fund, WB/CF/FIP, WB/GEF, DE-GIZ, UK-DEFRA

13 Emission Factor needs to improve national MRV system Policies so far are addressing Activities Emission Factors are given by official vegetation map with carbon content atributes derived from academic field measurements extrapolated to vegetation classes spatial distribution Two Problems are given: Maps are too generalized Field data are too scarce

14 Why we need to review actual Vegetation Classification System Present Vegetation Information at the scale of 1: Based on the Physignomic-Ecologic concept (UNESCO) 2 Formation Classes, 6 Formation Subgroups Map represents 10 Formation Subgroups Forest Formations are given by altitudinal gradient (5 levels, ambiguous) Grassland Formations are given by density or spatial pattern of arboreal elements (ambiguous and too generalized) Subformations are not represented Mixed Classes are significant (blue areas)

15

16 Forest Formations: P 1. Altimontane - Above Montane upper level 2. Montane metros (4 o N 16 o S) 3. Submontane metros (4 o N 16 o S) 4. Low Land metros (4 o N 16 o S) 5. Alluvial - Riparian

17

18 1 Forested Savanna 2 Tree Savanna 3 Park Savanna 4 Grassland Savanna Savanna IBGE 2012

19 New Classification System for the Cerrado (Ribeiro & Walter 2008) Compared to the Official System (IBGE 2012) FITOFISIONOMIAS DO CERRADO Ribeiro & Walter (2008) CLASSIFICAÇÃO DA VEGETAÇÃO BRASILEIRA IBGE 2012 FORMAÇÃO TIPOS / SUBTIPOS TIPO DE VEGETAÇÃO CLASSE DE FORMAÇÃO SUBFORMAÇÃO CAMPO CERRADO FLORESTA Campo limpo seco Campo limpo sem Savana Gramíneolenhosa Floresta Galeria Campo limpo úmido Campo limpo com Floresta Galeria Campo sujo seco Savana Parque Campo sujo Campo sujo úmido Savana Parque Campo sujo com Floresta Galeria Campo sujo com Campo de Murundus Savana Parque murundus (covoal) Campo rupestre CAMPESTRE Cerrado SR/Denso Savana Arborizada Cerrado denso Cerrado SR/Típico Savana Arborizada Cerrado típico Cerrado SR/Ralo Savana Arborizada Campo cerrado Cerrado SR/Rupestre Savana Parque Campo rupestre Parque de Cerrado Savana Parque Palmeiral/Macaubal Palmeiral/Guerobal Palmeiral/Buritizal Palmeiral/Babaçual Vereda Vegetação com Influência fluvial Palmeiral (Herbácea com palmeiras) Cerradão CAMPESTRE Savana Florestada Cerradão Galeria Inundável FE Sempreverde Inundável Galeria FE Sempreverde Aluvial Não Inundável Ciliar Semidecídua FLORESTAL Floresta Estacional (FE) FE Semidecídua Aluvial Mata Seca Sempreverde FE Sempreverde Mata Seca Semidecídua FE Semiecídua Mata Seca Decídua FE Decídua

20 Ribeiro &Walter 2008 Physiognomic approach Physiognomic approach ready to be translated into LCCS More informative about carbon content.

21 Profiles:Welington Cavalcanti : Example of detailment of Tree Savanna Altura média (m) = 5 8 / Cobertura arbórea (%) = 50 a 70 Altura média (m) = 3 6 / Cobertura arbórea (%) = 20 a 50 Altura média (m) = 2 3 / Cobertura arbórea (%) = 5 a 20 CA% CA% CA% 5-20 Cerrado denso Cerrado típico Cerrado ralo 3/fitofisionomias.html?showall=&start=1 tao_veredas/cerrado+_ralo_.jpg.html?&g2_gallerysid= c51c ee d879c9

22 Thank you foto: Thpelin / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0