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Henrique Ribas
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1 1394/10/ /2/ : salmanbabaee@gmail.com ( ) narciss.aminrashti@gmail.com rseifipour@yahoo.com 1395

2 85 23 / :».(92 :1385 ) «... ).(73 : Letwin

3 (UNCTAD, 2013) 2013.(Pourshahabi and et al., 2013: 130).(192 :1384 ). ( )...

4 85 23 / (124 :1378 )...1

5 173..(68 :1384 ).... (Chenery and Srinvasan,.1989: 206)..

6 85 23 / (185 :1390 )

7 (Brack, 2005: 32) (107 :1386 ) Vernon's Product Life Cycle Theory

8 85 23 / » :..(Panayotou, 2003: 16) (Porter, 1999: 136) 1. Race to Bottom 2. Stuck at Bottom

9 (Ibid.: 138) Porter Hypothesis 2. Strictly Envirommental Regulation 3. Pollution Haven Hypothesis

10 85 23 / (Aminu Aliyu, 2005: 6).(46 :1387 ) Environmental Kuznets Curve

11 179. U 1..(9-17 :1390 ) :.1.1-8

12 85 23 / (55 :1389 ) Environmental Sustainable Index (ESI) 2. Environmental Performance Index

13 181.1 Source: ( ) ( ).2 Source: Ibid.

14 85 23 / (2003) ( )... 2 (2005) (2008) Eskeland and Harrison 2. Hai-sheng, Jia Jia and Gong 3. Dean and Lovly

15 183 1 (2008) ( : ).. 2 (2009) (2010). ( ) (2010) ) (. (1389) 1. Dinda 2. Zhang and Cheng 3. Pao and Tsai 4. Hsiao-Tien and Chung-Ming

16 85 23 /

17 ( ) Source: Panel Data

18 85 23 / ( ) (1) : :EPI : FDI

19 187 ( ) :IND :GNI U ) :GNI^2 U.( U.(121 :1380 )

20 85 23 / F Unit Root 2. F-Limer Test 3. Pooling Data 4. Hausman 5. Ordinary Least Squres (OLS) 6. Generalised Least Squres (GLS) 7. Unit Root

21 189 EPI FDI GNI GNI2 IND.2 t : F 5 F. F.3 F : F 5..

22 85 23 / : LM F : 5.. t ( ) C FDI GNI

23 191 t GNI^ IND F 56.98(0.00) :. 6 0/ /75.5 F. : -0/166. 0/166

24 85 23 / /670 1/ /022..

25 193. U. U. 0/215.. :.....

26 85 23 /

27 195».(1390) Ĥ.1.4.(1388) «.1».(1387) «( )».(1391) «( ).2 «:».(1378) ».(1391).11 «..(1385)».(1389) « ( ).(1392)».(1390).10 «( ).».(1391).11 «( )

28 85 23 / 196».(1386) (1384).13.5.(1389).14.1.(1386).15. «( )».(1390).16..(1380).17.2 «..(1384)».(1391).19 «( ).».(1384).20 «( ) Alauddin, Mohammad (2004). "Environmentalizing Economic Development: a South Asian Perspective", Ecological Economics Aldy, J. E. (2005). "An Environmental Kuznets Curve Analysis of U.S. State- Level Carbon Dioxide Emissions", Environment and Development Economics Aminu Aliyu, Mohammed (2005). "Foreign Direct Investment and the Environment: Pollution Haven", Conference on Global Economic Analysis, Lübeck, Germany. 24. Bartz, S. and D. L. Kelly (2008). "Economic Growth and the Environment: Theory and Facts", Resource and Energy Economics, Vol. 30, No Brack, Duncan (2005). "Controlling Illegal Logging and the Trade in Illegally Harvested Timber: The EU's Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade Initiative", Reciel, Review of European, Comparative and.18

29 197 International Environmental Law, Vol. 14, Issue Chenery, H. and B. Srinvasan (1989). "Handbook of Development Economics", Amsterdam, North Holland, Vol Dean, J. M. and M. E. Lovely (2008). "Trade Growth, Production Fragmentation, and China's Environment", NBER Working Paper, No Dinda, S. (2004). "Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Survey", Ecological Economics, 49(4). 29. Dinda, S. (2008). "Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: a Survey", Ecological Economics, Eskelanda, Gunnar S. and E. Harrison (2003). "Moving to Greener Pastures? Multinationals and the Pollution Haven Hypothesis", Journal of Development Economics, Frankel, Jeffrey and Rose Andrew K. (2002). "An Estimate of the Effect of Common Currencies on Trade and Income", The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 117, No Gaikwad, Pratibha S. and Gholamreza Fathipour (2013). "The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Gross Domestic Production (GDP) in Indian Economy", Information Management and Business Review, Vol. 5, No Hassaballa, Hoda (2013). "Environment and Foreign Direct Investment: Policy Implications for Developing Countries", Journal of Emerging Issues in Economics, Finance and Banking (JEIEFB), An Online International Monthly Journal, Vol. 1, No Hsiao-Tien, Pao and Tsai Chung Ming (2010). Co2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in BRIC Countries", Energy Policy, 36(10) Kleemann, Linda and Awudu Abdulai (2013). "The Impact of Trade and Economic Growth on the Environmen: Revisiting the Cross-country Evidenc", Journal of International Development, Vol. 25, Issue Mazzanti, Massimiliano, Anna Montini and Roberto Zoboli (2008). "Environmental Kuznets Curves for Greenhouse Gas Emissions", Evidence from Italy using National Accounts Matrix Including Environmental Accounts and Provincial Panel data, Int. J. of Global Environmental Issues, Vol. 8, No Mazzanti, Massimiliano, Montini, Anna, Zoboli, Roberto, Environmental Kuznets Curves for Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Evidence from Italy Using National Accounts Matrix Including Environmental Accounts and Provincial Panel Data, Int. J. of Global Environmental Issues, Vol.8, No.4, Pao H. T. and C. M. Tsai (2010). "CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in BRIC Countries", Energy Policy, Porter, Gareth (1999). "Trade Competition and Pollution Standards: Race to the Bottom" or "Stuck at the Bottom", The Journal of Environment Development, Asia-Pacific region, for the Nature Conservancy,Vol. 8, No. 2.

30 85 23 / Pourshahabi, Farshid, Ehsan Salimi Soderjani and Davood Mahmoudinia (2013). "Panel Causality Relationship among FDI and Trade", Iranian Economic Review, Vol Pourshahabi, Farshid, Ehsan Salimi Soderjani and Davood Mahmoudinia (2011). "FDI, Human Capital, Economic Freedom and Growth in OECD Countries", Research Journal of International Studies, Issue Ramcke, Linda and Awudu Abdulai (2008). The Impact of Trade and Economic Growth on the Environment: Revisiting the Cross-Country Evidence, Department of Food Economics and Consumption Studies at the University of Kiel. 45. Statistics of Environmental Performance Index, UNCTAD (2013). "Statistics of United Conference on Trade and Development", World Bank. "Statistics of the World Bank, World Development Indicators", Zhang, X. P. and X. M. Cheng (2009). "Energy Consumption, Carbon Emission, and Carbon Emissions: Challenges Faced by an EV Candidate Member", Ecological Economies, 68.

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7 Referências bibliográficas

7 Referências bibliográficas ALPER, C. E.; ARDIC, O. P.; FENDOGLU, S. The Economics of the Uncovered Interest Parity Condition for Emerging Markets. Journal of Economic Surveys, v. 23, n. 1, p. 115-138,