CITIES AND BRAZILIAN POLICY FOR CLIMATE CHANGE

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1 CITIES AND BRAZILIAN POLICY FOR CLIMATE CHANGE NOVEMBER 2010 Laura Machado de Mello Bueno PUC Campinas

2 Research group Water in urban environment Environmental problems, climate change and social justice 2009 ANPUR Congress - discussion about cities and Policy for CC Projeto Clima, Rede Clima (several themes) sub rede Cidades 2009 (national group researchers - human dimension of GC) Research ( ) Adaptation to Climate Change and environmental justice: potentials and conflicts in the urban environment. Institutional frame - CC and Cities Dinamics of real estate housing price in up graded slums How planners think of sustainable urban space (in different competitions)

3 BRAZILIAN REALLY URBANIZED AREA: in km2 Urban population groups (inhabitants) Total inhabitants of the group Área (km2) More than a a Less than total Fonte :MIRANDA et all; dados Básicos IBGE 2000 Resultados do Universo 2003; EMBRAPA Geoprocessamento Campinas, SP

4 QUESTIONS: How policies related to minimization of Vulnerabilities and Adaptation could help solving the problems that our cities already have? Housing, sanitation, trnsportation Contamination, polution Health and city life (stress, food, drugs, violence) Climate Change a global question - international policy of the country. Ministeries: Environment, Science and Technology and Cities.

5 Estado brasileiro: bem estar e deixa estar social (Whitaker, 2006) 1980s Towards the minimum State Privatizations, deregulations, concessions, regulatory agencies; Closing of departments, no reposition of retired public servants, low wages to public sector jobs, política salarial desvalorizadora do emprego no setor, lack of investment in technical and operational structure. Slowing of this policy since 2003.

6 Estrutura institucional federal MC e cidades: Meio urbano Meio ambiente Ciência e Tecnologia 1976 lei de parcelamento SEMA SNDCT (MPlan) 1988 artigos 182 e Lei PNMA 1985 MCT (1989/1992) 2001 Estatuto das Cidades 1981 Res. CONAMA 1 INPE, CNPq, FINEP etc 2003 Ministério das Cidades 1988 capítulo MA 1999 Comissao inteministerial MCT MMA 2005 Lei FNHIS 1989 IBAMA (IBDF et) Papel na elaboraçao MDL 2009 Lei MCMV 1992 MMA Aprovaçao projetos MDLs 2005 Lei Saneamento (regulamentaçao 2010) 2010 Lei Resíduos Sólidos 1997 Lei Aguas 2007 criaçao SMCQ e Elaboração Inventário Emissoes e Remoçoes Antrópicas dos GEE

7 The cities and CC in the Brazilian legislation: Estatuto das Cidades (PAC) Lei Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida 2009 Lei Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos Cidade Sustentável Área urbana e rural, ZEIM, ZEIS Instrumentos via Plano Diretor Funçao social da ppdde definiçao local Não faz mençao a regiao metropolitana Estudo ambiental ainda entendido como atraso no cronograma/ licenciamento ambiental (federal e estadual) impede p PAC social, mas não PAC canalizaçao corregos, avenidas e estradas Não faz mençao a saneamento ambiental na localizacao/execuçao; último artigo autoriza uso de $ para aquecimento solar até 6 sm. Indica produçao energética vinculada ao manejo adequado; não cita EMISSOES e MDL

8 CC Brazilian policies and the cities (1): PNMC National Plan for Climate Change 2009 main goals (Ministery of environment): Reduction of deforestation of Amazon Region Increase of etanol consume Increase of planted forests Refrigerators change of 1 million in 10 years Increase of garbage in 20% till 2015 Increase of co-generated energy Reduction of non technical loss of energy

9 CC and CITIES (2): Fund % financed by oil taxes. Policy 2009 Sectoral plans, CDM - Clean Development Mechanism e NAMAS Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions Sectoral plans : Prevention and control of Amazon and Cerrado deforestation Energy Agriculture and livestock Substitution of coal of natural forests to planted forests in siderurgic plants Other proposals after the ongoing inventory

10 CC and CITIES (3): prevalence of segmented and sector-wise views, including those related to environmental and climate change policies Emissions Inventory (IPCC methodology): By industrial sector and transportation Emissions not located rural or urban space.