Brazilian Climate & Health Observatory

Transcrição

1 Brazilian Climate & Health Observatory Diego Ricardo Xavier Technical coordinator Climate & Health Observatory ICICT / FIOCRUZ

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3 Some conclusions Climate factors affect differently the disease distribution There are other important determinants of disease, beside climate There will be different impacts of climate on health conditions, depending on social vulnerability and local conditions

4 Expoepi 2007 Oficina, Publicação Projetos (INCT) Rede clima Christovam Barcellos (CICT/Fiocruz) Antonio Miguel Vieira Monteiro (INPE) Carlos Corvalán (OPS/OMS) Helen C. Gurgel (INPE) Marilia Sá Carvalho (ENSP/Fiocruz) Paulo Artaxo (USP) Sandra Hacon (ENSP/Fiocruz) Virginia Ragoni (INPE)

5 Environmental and Climate changes Main health impacts in Brazil Direct impact (external causes) of extreme climate events heat waves, floods, drought; Expansion (area) of vector borne diseases (magnitude); Vulnerability of water supply and sanitation systems and the increasing risk of water related diseases; Interaction between atmospheric pollution and climate increasing risk of respiratory diseases. 5

6 EIS Environmental Information System HIS Health Information System Climate and Health Observatory Data Images Forest fires, Land use Land coverage Disease notification Hospitalization, Mortality. Time series Analysis Theory Experiences Risk Models Communication Policy makers Warning systems Specialists Data, tools CIS Climate Information System Raw data (precipitation, temperature) Prevision Integrated database Citizen Permanent information SIS Sociodemographic Information System Population, Migration, Vulnerability News Evidences Events Photographs 6

7 Climate and Health Observatory Objectives Allows gather available data on climate, environment, society and health;...situation analysis, as well as identification of trends and patterns of climate and health conditions. Semi-qualitative graphs and maps;...contribution to national alert systemsand monitoring health emergency situations associated to extreme climate events;...support research & developmenton climate and environmental changes and health effects;...active participation of civil societyand citizens in the debate of climate and environmental changes and health effects (news, comments, photo). 7

8 1 st Workshop: Data producers and users From May 19 to , Brasília. IBGE, Datasus, AgênciaNacionaldas Águas(Ana), ministériosda Saúde (MS), do MeioAmbiente(MMA) e da Ciência & Tecnologia (MCT), alémda Saúde (SVS e Fiocruz). Objectives: Delineation of project technologies, data sources, data dissemination and user needs.

9 Forest firesandrespiratorydiseases 1ª Oficina de seleção de indicadores de agravos a saúde de doenças respiratórias e cardiovasculares para compor o Observatorio Porto Velho, 8 e 9 de setembro de Objetivo: Discutir a qualidade dos dados disponíveis no Brasil a respeito de tais agravos, bem como, identificar melhores indicadores a serem disponibilizados pelo Observatorium.

10 River water variability and water related diseases Oficina vulnerabilidade e as previsões dos efeitos das mudanças climáticas na saúde pública no município de Manaus Manaus, Junho de Objetivo: Descrever as vulnerabilidades à saúde devido às mudanças ambientais e climáticas; e identificar os possíveis riscos à saúde atuais e futuros, bem como as medidas de adaptação e intervenções necessárias, com a finalidade de reduzir vulnerabilidade das populações.

11 Climate, land use and vector borne diseases Oficina de seleção de Indicadores de Exposição e para Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores para compor o Observatorium Dias 29 e 30/11, no Rio de Janeiro, Objetivo: selecionar os indicadores ambientais, climáticos, sociais e de saúde que possam ser usados para o monitoramento das doenças transmitidas por vetores (dengue, febre amarela, leishmaniose e malária) em função das mudanças climáticas e ambientais.

12 Climateextreme eventsand disasters Inventário de dados sobre eventos climáticos extremos e efeitos sobre a saúde Dias 8 e 9 de dezembro de 2011, no Rio de Janeiro, Objetivo: Selecionar fontes de dados meteorológicos, ambientais, sociais e de saúde que possam ser usados para o monitoramento de desastres climáticos, além de estratégias de participação do cidadão por meio de ferramentas de TI.

13 Malaria and therecentchangesin Amazon Dias 20 e 21 de setembro de 2012, no Rio de Janeiro, Objetivo: Estudar modelos de análise espacial e temporal que possam ser usados para o monitoramento da malaria nos países da Amazônia.

14 Results

15 Data sources: Many, free, but not easily found and hard to understand.

16 Malaria incidence, rainfall and deforestation in a specific area? User mediator Data servers

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18 Contents Environmental, climate, sociodemographicand health data (tables, maps, graphs) News from the media Comments from civil society Technical and scientific information

19 Observatorium maps avalilability Overlay of layers Health provision facilities (CNES) Climate models Cartographic basis

20 Exemplo: Desastres no Brasil

21 Observatório de Clima e Saúde 21

22 Observatório de Clima e Saúde 22

23 Observatório de Clima e Saúde 23

24 Site de disponibilização de informações sobre desastres e impactos sobre a saúde

25 Chuvas intensas Sazonalidade e tendências Frequência Vulnerabilidade Afetados Xavier et al, 2014

26 Secas e estiagens Sazonalidade e tendências Frequência Vulnerabilidade Afetados Xavier et al, 2014

27 Observatorium sentinel sitesaccording to biomes Amazon: Water related diseases Semi-arid: drought, famine, migration Savannah : Forest fires and respiratory diseases Rain forest: Vector transmitted diseases South: Extreme events and external causes of mortality 27

28 Manaus, health problemsand the water regime

29 Manaus: a sentinel site for water related diseases Manaus (Brazil) is a large equatorial city (1,800,000 inhabitants) Hardly connected to other cities (no roads). Manaus is situated at the confluence of Negro, Amazon and Purus rivers that determine the region s hydrology, together with the Amazon forest that surrounds it.

30 Manaus June 2012 a record flood 2012 Two severe and consecutive floods Seca 2011 Cheia 2011

31 The river water level and diarrhoea incidence in Manaus 29 m 18 m Threshold effects What is an extreme event, anyway?

32 Sentinel site Manaus, health conditions and the river water regime

33 Forest fires and respiratory diseases Elderly hospitalization by respiratory diseases Air quality (O 3, PM 2.5 and CO) Brazilian Amazon Expansion of economic frontier Climate changes - dryer seasons Forest fires Induction and propagation Increasing social vulnerability - Migration

34 Corrida ao PSM por doenças respiratórias Médica plantonista do prontoatendimento disse que mais da metade das consultas diárias tem sido em decorrência de males relacionados ao clima. Diário de Cuiabá, set/2007 Paulo Artaxo, LBA

35 Dengue feverrio de Janeiro

36 Dengue mosquito (Aedes aegypti) infestation monitoring - Rio de Janeiro Meteorological and built environment effects egg traps along 3 neighborhoods - Weekly sampling -Precipitation, temperature and humidity -Household characteristics 36

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38 Dengue outbreak forecast based on climate data (an example of climate services applied to health surveillance) The Observatory issued and alert of probable dengue outbreaks for the World Football Cup. The model can be adapted to other diseases and situations.

39 Climate extreme events The flood in Santa Catarina 2008 Impacts of climatic disasters on health: What the information systems say? Emergency agency (Defesa Civil) Web media Health information systems (hospitalizations, mortality, disease notifications) 39

40 Climate extreme events The flood in Santa Catarina jul-08 ago-08 set-08 out-08 nov-08 dez-08 jan-09 fev-09 mar-09 abr-09 mai-09 jun-09 Precipitação (mm/dias) Nível máximo do rio (cm/mês) Fonte: Elaborada pelos autores com dados da ANA / CPRM / INMET

41 Hospitalization of flooded area residents Santa Catarina (southern Brazil), D. Infecciosas Fraturas AVC 5 Leptospirose /Abr 2008/Ago 2008/Dez 2009/Abr 2009/Ago 2009/Dez 0 41

42 Hospitalization by chapters (ICD-10) of flooded area residents Santa Catarina(southern Brazil), 2008 Health services collapse 42

43 Information flows Data Analysis Comunication

44 Obrigado! Gracias! Diego Ricardo Xavier Silva