EFFECTS OF PHYTASE INCLUSION IN PHOSPHOROUS EXCRETION OF TAMBAQUI Colossoma macropomum JUVENILES

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1 EFFECTS OF PHYTASE INCLUSION IN PHOSPHOROUS EXCRETION OF TAMBAQUI Colossoma macropomum JUVENILES L.V. Brandão; L.A. L. Barbas; V.M.D. Brandão; Rodrigo Roubach Coordenação Geral de Aquicultura Marinha em Estab. Rurais e Áreas Urbanas/CAMER/DAER/SEPOA

2 Introduction Tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) Order: Characiformes Family: Serrassalmidae Origin: Amazon Basin Fonseca,F Reach up to 100 cm ; 30 kg High commercial value Flesh quality Omnivorous Rapid growth Resistance to manipulation Easily adaptable to artificial feed Induced breeding Brandão, L. 6

3 Source: MPA, 2010 Introduction Tambaqui aquaculture production from 1994 to 2009.

4 Introduction Photo: Michel Machado

5 Introduction Feeding x Fish culture - Exploit fish growth potential; - High quality protein production; - Allows to ameliorate effluents emissions; - Maximizes productivity x profit relationship; - Represents 60 to 80 % culture costs; - Fish meal; - Excellent AA s source, Essential lipids, minerals and vitamins (Pezzato, 1997) - Elevated costs. Brandão, L 5 Fonseca, F

6 Introduction Need for alternative feed source; Vegetable protein sources; Soybean meal North Region - Increased costs - Freight cost 6

7 Introduction Alternatives - Total substitution of the animal with vegetal protein without prejudice 1 - Regional ingredients: costs, availability and good nutritional quality 2 Advantages: - Products with few or no use; - No-commercial value; - Expenditure to discard 7 1 Campos et al., ; 2 Silva et al.,2007

8 Introduction The Amazon presents around 1,400 aquatic and terrestrial vegetable species 1. Food chain 2 Scarce informations: nutritional contribution and natural balance of those itens in fish diets. North region: Present loss up to 25% fruit production: - poor conservation, inadequate stocking or manipulation; - Sub products are discarded after use of the pulp. 8 1 Maia (2001); 2 Pizango-Paima et al.,2001; Silva et al., 2007

9 Introduction Use of exogenous enzymes - Improve ingredients availability; - Remove or destroy the anti-nutritional factors in grains; - Increase the feed total digestibility; - Decrease environmental pollution from the excreta. Phytase enzyme: - Industrialized from microorganisms; - DNA recombination (Aspergyllus niger e A. ficum) - Promotes a more efficient phosphorus absorption 1 ; - Lower the need to add inorganic phosphorus Vielma et al., 1998; Vielma et al., 2000; Jackson et al., 1996; Schäfer et al., 1995;Olivia-Teles et al., 1998; 2 Qian, 1996

10 Material and Methods To evaluate phosphorus excretion in tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, juveniles fed with increased level of phytase in the ration. - Duration: 45 days tambaqui juveniles; - Initial weight = 12 g; - 12 cones; 70 L ; - Density: 30 fish/unit.

11 Material and Methods Experimental design Protein level 30% CP Phytase levels *NP 1000 Pu/kg 1500 Pu/kg 2000 Pu/kg - 4 treatments; 3 repetitions *NP Without phytase

12 Material and Methods Performance evaluation Initial and final biometry: - Weight gain (WG) - Feed conversion (FC) - Survival (S%) Statistical Analysis - ANOVA (5%) - Tukey 5% 12

13 Material and Methods Enzyme adition to feed: - After ingredients mixture, enzyme dissolved in tempered water (40º C) at 30% diet dry weight 1 - Pulverized in the diets at 1000, 1500 and 2000 phytase units /kg. - Natuphos 5000 G, BASF S.A., fungal fermentation (Aspergillus niger) with a minimal initial activity of 5000 Fu/g. 1 Furuya et al., 2001;

14 Material and Methods Feed management: 30% CP Fed twice a 5% biomass Water quality parameters Twice a week: DO (mg/l), Temperature ( C), ph, Conductivity Amonia Endofenol

15 Material and Methods Water quality samplings for phosphorus determination: During the last 5 days: 08:00 (Static water / Measuring: T 0 C, DO, ph) 09:00 (Fed) 16:00 (Fed) 20:00 (Measuring: T 0 C, O 2 D, ph / Change water) Total phosphorus determination Method: Photometry Micronal B582

16 Results and Discussion Mean values from water quality parameters Parameter Unit Treatments Control 1000 uf 1500 uf 2000 uf DO mg/l 4.9± ± ± ± 0.2 Temperature C 28.2± ± ± ± 0.2 ph 5.9± ± ± ± 0.4 Conductivity µs.cm ± ± ± 0,8 20.0± 0.4 Total Amonia mg/l 0.5± ± ± ± 0.2

17 Results and Discussion Survival (S), Weight gain (WG) and Feed conversion (FC) for juvenile tambaqui after 45 days fed with increased levels of phytase in a extruded feed. Variáveis de desempenho Treatment S(%) WG (g) FC Without Phytase ±0.9a 1.2±0.9a 1000 Pu ±0.8a 1.1±0.8a 1500 Pu ±0.8a 1.1±0.8a 2000 Pu ±0.8a 1.1±0.8a Pu Phytase units. Similar letter in the collunm are did not shown statistacally difference (p>0,05) by Tukey test.

18 Results and Discussion Total phosporus levels in water x phytase inclusion levels

19 CONCLUSIONS Phytase inclusion in a vegetable based diets for tambaqui juveniles (Colossoma macropomum) at the tested levels increase phosphorus biodisponability, decreasing its excretion levels up to 21%.

20 REFERENCES Araújo-Lima, C.; Goulding, M Os frutos do tambaqui: ecologia, conservação e cultivo na Amazônia. Sociedade Civil Mamirauá/CNPq. Tefé, AM. 187 p. Baruah, K.; Sahu, N.P.; Pal, A.K. et al. Dietary phytase: an ideal approach for cost effective and lowpolluting aquafeed, NAGA: Word Fish Center Quarterly, v.27, n.3/4, p.15-19, Bock, C. L.; Pezzato, L. E.; Cantelmo, O. A.; Barros, M. M. Fitase em rações para tilápia-do-nilo na fase de crescimento. R. Brás. Zootec., v. 36, n. 5, p , Brandão, L.V. Utilização de fitase em dietas para peixes. PUBVET, Londrina, V. 3, N. 5, Art.501, Fev 2, Cao, L.; Yang, Y.; Wang, W. M.; Yakupitiyage.; Yuan, D. R.; Diana, J. S. Effects of pretreatment with microbial phytase on phosphorous utilization and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture Nutrition , Cyrino, J. E. P.; Bicudo, A. J. de A.; Sado, R. Y.; Borghesi, R.; Dairiki, J. K. A piscicultura e o ambiente o uso de alimentos ambientalmente corretos em piscicultura. R. Bras. Zootec., v.39, p , 2010.

21 REFERENCES Furuya, W. M. Gonçalves, G. S.; Furuya, V. R. B.; Hayashi, C. Fitase na alimentação de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Desempenho e digestibilidade. Rev. bras. zootec., 30(3): , Furuya, W. M.; Santos, V. G.; Borato, D.; Hayashi, C.; Silva, L. C. R. Níveis de proteína e fitase em rações de terminação para a tilápia do Nilo (Oreocrhomis niloticus). Arq. ciên. vet. zool. UNIPAR, 8(1): p.11-17, Gatlin, D. M.; Phillips, H. F. Dietary calcium, phytate and zinc interactions in channel catfish. Aquaculture, v. 79, p , Gonçalves, G. S.; Pezzato, L. E.; Barros, M. M.; Kleeman, G. K.; Rocha, D. F. Efeitos da suplementação de fitase sobre a disponibilidade aparente de Mg, Ca, Zn, Cu, Mn e Fe em alimentos vegetais para a tilápia do Nilo. R. Bras. Zootec., v.34, n.6, p , Graef, E.W As espécies de peixes com potencial para criação no Amazonas. In: Val, A.L.; Honczaryk, A. (Eds.). Criando peixes na Amazônia. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA). Manaus, AM. p

22 REFERENCES NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL - NRC. Nutrient requirements of fish. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, p. Oishi, C.A Resíduo da castanha da Amazônia (Bertholletia excelsa) como ingrediente em rações para juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) Dissertação de Mestrado Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. 60p. Pereira-Filho, M. Alternativas para a alimentação de peixes em cativeiro. In: VAL, A.L.; Honczaryk, A. (Eds.) Criando peixes na Amazônia. Manaus: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, p Pereira-Filho, M. Castagnolli, N.; Kronsa, S.N. Efeito de diferentes níveis de proteína e de fibra bruta na alimentação de juvenis de matrinxã Brycon cephalus. Acta Amazonica, 24, 3, 1-8, Silva, J.A.M.; Filho, M.P., Oliveira-Pereira, M.I. Frutos e sementes consumidos pelo tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) incorporado em rações. Digestibilidade e velocidade de trânsito pelo trato gastrointestinal, R. Bras. Zootec., v.32, n.6, p , Terrazas, W. D. M. (1998). Efeito de diferentes níveis de farinhas de resíduos de peixe e de frango no ganho de peso e composição corporal de alevinos de tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818). [Dissertação de Mestrado]. Manaus (AM): Universidade do Amazonas.

23 Acknowledgements PPI / Estudos do manejo alimentar e nutrição de tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus, e Pirarucu, Arapaima gigas. Amazonas state foundation for research support Project: Temático Amazonas Verde No. 1339/04 National Development Council for Research, Science and Technology of Brazil (CNPq) Research fellowship recipient and travel funds

24 Thank you Rodrigo Roubach Ministério da Pesca e Aquicultura - MPA Coordenação-geral de Planejamento e Ordenamento da Aquicultura Marinha em Áreas Rurais e Urbanas Tel: rodrigo.roubach@mpa.gov.br